Retroperitoneum

The tutorial covers the retroperitoneum, focusing on structures like kidneys, adrenal glands, and hepatic veins. It explains the digestive system components such as the duodenum and pancreas, and details vascular structures like the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Clinical notes on retroperitoneal hematomas and their implications are also discussed.

What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?

• Sigmoid mesocolon

• Hepatoduodenal ligament

• Urachus

• Fetal umbilical arteries

Which organ is located slightly lower than the left kidney due to its position under the liver?

• Right adrenal gland

• Left adrenal gland

• Right kidney

• Left kidney

Which part of the duodenum is considered intraperitoneal?

• Ascending part

• Superior part

• Descending part

• Horizontal part

Which part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

• Head

• Neck

• Body

• Tail

What is the main function of the ascending colon?

• Secreting hormones

• Producing insulin

• Fluid and electrolyte absorption

• Digesting proteins

Which artery is the principal artery of the lower limb?

• Inferior mesenteric artery

• External iliac artery

• Superior mesenteric artery

• Internal iliac artery

What is the mnemonic used to remember the main retroperitoneal structures?

• SAD PUCKER

• RETRO MEMO

• ABDOMINAL LIST

• PERITONEAL GUIDE

What is a common cause of retroperitoneal hematomas?

• Major pelvic fractures

• Liver cirrhosis

• Kidney stones

• Gallbladder inflammation

What is the clinical sign of bruising on the flanks known as?

• McBurney's sign

• Grey Turner's sign

• Murphy's sign

• Cullen's sign

Which imaging technique is preferred for investigating retroperitoneal hematomas?

• X-ray

• MRI

• CT scan

• Ultrasound