Electron Configuration and Orbital Principles

The video tutorial explains orbital diagrams, which visually represent electron positions in atoms. It covers the Aufbau principle, stating electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which limits orbitals to two electrons with opposite spins, and Hund's Rule, which prefers empty orbitals at the same energy level. The tutorial includes examples of drawing orbital diagrams for calcium and nitrogen.

What additional information does an orbital diagram provide compared to Bohr's diagram?

• Atomic mass

• Electron positions within orbitals

• Energy levels only

• Proton count

According to the Aufbau principle, which orbital is filled first?

• 1s

• 3p

• 4s

• 2s

What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle state about electrons in an orbital?

• They must be in different orbitals

• They must have the same spin

• They must have opposite spins

• They can have any spin

What is another name for Hund's Rule?

• Electron pairing rule

• Empty bus seat rule

• Pauli principle

• Aufbau principle

According to Hund's Rule, how do electrons fill orbitals within the same energy level?

• They pair up immediately

• They fill empty orbitals first

• They fill randomly

• They fill the highest energy orbital first

How many electrons does calcium have in its 1s orbital?

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 3

In the orbital diagram for calcium, which orbital is filled after 3p?

• 5s

• 4s

• 3d

• 2p

How many electrons are in the 2s orbital of nitrogen?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

For nitrogen, how are the electrons distributed in the 2p orbitals according to Hund's Rule?

• One in each orbital

• All paired in two orbitals

• All in one orbital

• Two in one orbital, one in another

What is the total number of electrons in the nitrogen atom?

• 6

• 8

• 5

• 7