Geography and History of Spain

Spain is located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, France, the Atlantic Ocean, and Portugal. The Pyrenees separate it from France, while the Strait of Gibraltar divides it from Africa. Historically, Spain was invaded by the Moors in the 8th century, with their presence lasting until the 15th century when Christian kingdoms unified Spain. This unification helped Spain become a major naval and colonial power. Internally, Spain faces challenges due to its mountainous terrain, which has led to regionalist movements, particularly in Catalonia and the Basque Country. The central government in Madrid seeks to balance power with autonomous regions.

Which natural barrier separates Spain from France?

• The Pyrenees

• The Carpathians

• The Apennines

• The Alps

What was the impact of the Strait of Gibraltar on Spain's history?

• It isolated Spain from Europe.

• It hindered trade with Africa.

• It facilitated the Roman invasion.

• It eased the Moorish invasion.

When did the Arab presence in Spain end?

• 14th century

• 13th century

• 12th century

• 15th century

Which two bodies of water were crucial for Spain's rise as a naval power?

• The Black Sea and the Caspian Sea

• The Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic

• The Baltic Sea and the North Sea

• The Red Sea and the Arabian Sea

What is the capital of Spain?

• Barcelona

• Madrid

• Seville

• Valencia

Why was Madrid chosen as the capital of Spain?

• It was a coastal city.

• It allowed centralized control.

• It was the largest city.

• It was the oldest city.

What has historically hindered communication within Spain?

• Rivers

• Forests

• Deserts

• Mountains

Which region in Spain is known for its separatist movements?

• Andalusia

• Catalonia

• Galicia

• Aragon

What is a major challenge for Spain in terms of national unity?

• Improving its economy

• Increasing its population

• Expanding its territory

• Balancing power between Madrid and autonomous regions

What external factor is threatening Spain's stability?

• The African drought

• The European crisis

• The Asian financial crisis

• The American trade war