Exploring DNA and Its Processes

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids called?

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

• Fatty acids

• Monosaccharides

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

• Amino group

• Phosphate group

• Nitrogenous base

• Five-carbon sugar

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Peptide bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Ionic bonds

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Uracil

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

• Replicates DNA

• Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

• Carries the genetic message from DNA to the ribosome

• Forms the core of the ribosome

During which process is a strand of DNA copied into a complementary strand of mRNA?

• Mutation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• Replicates DNA

• Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

• Forms the core of the ribosome

• Carries the genetic message from DNA

Which process involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Mutation

What is a point mutation?

• A mutation that affects a single nucleotide

• A mutation that involves the deletion of a nucleotide

• A mutation that involves the insertion of a nucleotide

• A mutation that affects a large segment of a chromosome

Which type of mutation involves the exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes?

• Point mutation

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Translocation