After surviving a jeepney accident where two passengers died, a 25-year-old man reports having nightmares, flashbacks, and difficulty riding public transport. These symptoms have persisted for 8 days. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

• Acute Stress Disorder

• Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety

• Specific Phobia, Situational Type

A 32-year-old nurse assigned in a COVID-19 ward reports recurrent intrusive memories of patients dying, emotional numbness, and avoidance of hospitals. Symptoms began 4 weeks ago and cause distress and functional impairment. Which diagnosis best fits?

• Acute Stress Disorder

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Persistent Complex Bereavement

A 19-year-old student from Leyte lost several relatives during Typhoon Yolanda. Two years later, she still experiences intense fear during heavy rain, vivid flashbacks, and guilt for surviving. Which diagnostic feature confirms PTSD rather than Persistent Depressive Disorder?

• Duration of more than two years

• Avoidance of reminders of trauma

• Feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness

• Chronic anhedonia and fatigue

A 40-year-old police officer who witnessed a hostage crisis repeatedly recalls the screams of victims and startles easily at loud noises. He insists, “Hindi ako takot, sanay ako diyan.” This behavior best illustrates:

• Dissociation

• Denial as a coping defense

• Hyperarousal symptoms

• Cognitive distortion about guilt

Which of the following must be present for a diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM-5-TR?

• Direct exposure to a life-threatening event

• Indirect exposure via social media videos

• Witnessing an event happening to a stranger online

• Learning about a celebrity’s death

A survivor of an earthquake reports feeling detached, like watching herself from outside her body, during the event and for several days after. She remembers fragments of what happened but not the full event. This symptom pattern is most consistent with:

• Dissociative Amnesia

• Acute Stress Disorder

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

• Somatic Symptom Disorder

A 28-year-old call center agent robbed at gunpoint 6 months ago continues to experience flashbacks and avoids going out at night. He also blames himself for “not fighting back.” Which cluster of symptoms does this self-blame belong to?

• Intrusion

• Avoidance

• Negative alterations in cognition and mood

• Arousal and reactivity

A 36-year-old teacher’s house burned down during a fire. For 3 weeks, she has insomnia, irritability, and relives the event every night. She copes by excessive prayer and attending daily mass. What is the best interpretation?

• Acute Stress Disorder

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

• Religious Delusion due to trauma

• Adjustment Disorder with Mixed Features

A 45-year-old OFW who worked in a war zone reports emotional detachment from his family, difficulty feeling joy, and avoidance of conversations about his deployment. His employer says he has become “robotic.” Which symptom cluster does this illustrate?

• Intrusion

• Avoidance

• Negative alterations in mood

• Arousal/reactivity

A mother lost her child in a hit-and-run. She experiences intrusive memories but also reports moments of calmness and connection to her church community. Her symptoms have lasted for 9 days. What is the most accurate classification?

• Acute Stress Disorder

• PTSD

• Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood

• Normal Grief Reaction