A database is an organized collection of ________ related data.

• logically

• physically

• loosely

• badly

Older systems that often contain data of poor quality are called ________ systems.

• controlled

• legacy

• database

• mainframe

Program-data dependence is caused by:

• file descriptions being stored in each database application.

• data descriptions being stored on a server.

• data descriptions being written into programming code.

• data cohabiting with programs.

Because applications are often developed independently in file processing systems:

• the data is always non-redundant.

• unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception.

• data can always be shared with others.

• there is a large volume of file I/O.

Relational databases establish the relationships between entities by means of common fields included in a file called a(n):

• entity.

• relationship.

• relation.

• association.

A(n) ________ is often developed by identifying a form or report that a user needs on a regular basis.

• enterprise view

• reporting document

• user view

• user snapshot

A graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data is called a(n):

• XML data model.

• relational data model.

• entity-relationship model.

• hierarchical data model.

Data that describe the properties of other data are:

• relationships.

• logical.

• physical.

• metadata.

All of the following are properties of metadata EXCEPT:

• data definitions.

• processing logic.

• rules or constraints.

• data structures.

A person, place, object, event, or concept about which the organization wishes to maintain data is called a(n):

• relationship.

• object.

• attribute.

• entity.