BGHMC CV Module 2025 Special A

Drug of choice for nuclear stress testing in a patient with left bundle branch block: _______

Formula used to calculate aortic valve area in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: _______

Echocardiographic ratio used to grade the severity of aortic stenosis: _______

Classic transesophageal echocardiography sign of acute pulmonary embolism: _______

Shape of the left ventricle on echo during severe right-ventricular pressure overload: _______

Reflex that causes bradycardia and hypotension after spinal anesthesia or inferior wall ischemia: _______

Right-atrial waveform change most typical of cardiac tamponade: _______

Right-atrial waveform change most typical of constrictive pericarditis: _______

Large V waves on pulmonary-capillary-wedge tracing suggest acute _______:

Short-acting intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor used to bridge patients before surgery: _______