Research Design and Sampling Worksheet

A researcher aims to determine the relationship between study habits and academic performance among SHS students. Which quantitative research design is most appropriate?

• Correlational research design

• Experimental research design

• Descriptive research design

• Quasi-experimental research design

A correlational design differs from an experimental design in terms of variables and control in which of the following ways?

• Correlational design examines relationships without manipulating variables, while experimental design involves manipulation and control of variables.

• Correlational design manipulates variables, while experimental design does not.

• Experimental design does not control variables, while correlational design does.

• Both designs involve manipulation and control of variables.

A teacher wants to test if a new reading intervention program improves comprehension. She uses two groups—one receives the program, one does not. Identify the design and explain why.

• This is an experimental design because there is a control and an experimental group.

• This is a case study because it involves detailed observation.

• This is a correlational design because it examines relationships.

• This is a survey design because it collects opinions.

A quasi-experimental design ensures validity even without random assignment by:

• using comparison groups to control for confounding variables.

• randomly assigning participants to groups.

• eliminating all sources of bias.

• guaranteeing cause-and-effect relationships.

The importance of clearly defining the research design before conducting the study is:

• It ensures the study is systematic and valid.

• It allows for random data collection.

• It eliminates the need for data analysis.

• It guarantees positive results.

A simple experimental setup for testing if using background music affects student focus should include which of the following elements?

• Variables, control group, and measurement of focus

• Only background music and students

• A survey about music preferences

• Randomly playing music during class without measurement

Cross-sectional surveys are more practical for SHS research projects than longitudinal ones because:

• they are less time-consuming and easier to administer.

• they provide more detailed data over time.

• they eliminate all forms of bias.

• they require repeated measurements on the same subjects.

A pretest-posttest design would be most useful in which of the following SHS action research situations?

• Evaluating the effectiveness of a new teaching strategy by measuring student performance before and after implementation.

• Comparing the academic performance of students from two different schools.

• Observing classroom behavior without any intervention.

• Surveying students' opinions about school facilities.

The “method of difference” establishes cause and effect in experimental designs by:

• comparing situations where only one factor is different to identify its effect

• using random sampling to eliminate bias

• measuring the correlation between two variables

• repeating the experiment multiple times to ensure accuracy

A research design for the topic “The Effect of Peer Tutoring on Math Performance” should include which of the following elements?

• Participants, variables, and procedures

• Only participants

• Only procedures

• Only variables