Ecology Summative Part 2

Based on the food web provided, label the trophic levels on the food web below. Decomposers have already been filled in for you.

a

b

c

d

Producers

Tertiary consumer

Primary comsumers

Secondary consumers

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Human mismanagement of pesticides can have damaging effects on pollinators. What are 2 possible consequences if the butterfly was removed from the ecosystem due to wrongful pesticide usage?

CHOOSE 2

• Decrease in food for primary consumers like Macaw and Toucan

• This would have no affect on the ecosystem

• Decrease of pollination for plants

• Sloth would starve

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Identify 2 ways carbon moves into the atmosphere using the carbon cycle model.

• Rock formation and photosynthesis

• Burning fossil fuels, Respiration
• Photosynthesis and burning fossil fuels

Identify 1 way carbon is stored and removed from the atmosphere.

• Photosynthesis

• Decay

• Burning fossil fuels
• Respiration

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Where does all energy for the ecosystem initially come from?

• Sun

• Soil

• Ocean

• CO2

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Using the trophic (energy) pyramid, there are fewer top carnivores than herbivores in any ecosystem on earth because:

• Producers (autotrophs) keep all of the energy for themselves.

• Primary consumers (herbivores) get about 90% of the energy from the producers.

• About 10% of the energy is transferred to each level, limiting how much energy is available to the top carnivores.

• There is more sunlight available to top carnivores than to herbivores.

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What is the primary ecological function of organisms like fungi and earthworms in an ecosystem?

• They decompose organic matter and help recycle nutrients.

• They produce food through photosynthesis.

• They are top predators in the food chain.

• They absorb sunlight and release energy.

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Europeans brought pigs over when they colonized America. Pigs have always been used to produce meat for communities since they are easy to take care of and they will eat anything and have no natural predators. When pigs reproduce they can have a litter of 12-14 piglets at a time and are able to reproduce up to 3 times a year. Pigs from a nearby farm broke loose and became wild. What is the term that is used for these types of organisms who are introduced into a new environment?

• Endangered Species

• Keystone Species

• Apex Predator

• Invasive Species

Europeans brought pigs over when they colonized America. Pigs have always been used to produce meat for communities since they are easy to take care of and they will eat anything and have no natural predators. When pigs reproduce they can have a litter of 12-14 piglets at a time and are able to reproduce up to 3 times a year. Pigs from a nearby farm broke loose and became wild.

The wild pigs that escaped from farms have begun living and reproducing in the rainforest ecosystem. What is most likely to happen to this food web over time?

• The number of native (original) species will increase because pigs provide more food sources for predators.

• The wild pigs will compete with native animals like the tapir and agouti for food, disrupting the balance of the ecosystem

• The decomposers will completely remove the pigs from the ecosystem.

• The pigs will only eat dead plants, so the food web will remain unchanged.

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A carbon sink (Stored Carbon) is anything in nature that absorbs more carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere than it releases. Trees, forests, oceans, and soil are big carbon sinks because they store carbon in plants, water, and the ground. This helps reduce the amount of CO₂ in the air and slows down climate change.

Based on the graph, which ecosystem stores the most carbon?

• Forest

• Grassland

• Farmland

• Wetland