Bio 2 Review 1

All organisms contain DNA, and every organism's DNA is made of the same four nucleotides. The differences between organisms is simply based on the order of these nucleotides. Since all organisms have the same basic, universal structure for DNA, which of these must also be universal?

• • All organisms have the same proteins

• All living things must have the same amount of DNA

• All organisms must be genetically identical to each other

• All codons in all organisms' DNA code for the same amino acids

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What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

• • The structure of the nitrogen bases

• The size of the nitrogen bases

• The number of nitrogen bases

• The sequence of the nitrogen bases

A DNA nucleotide is shown. Four different parts are labeled.

Which part of the nucleotide is responsible for the coding of specific proteins and traits?

• • Part 3

• • Part 4

• • Part 2

• • Part 1

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Given the sequence of DNA nucleotide bases TTAGCCTTG, give the complementary strand of mRNA produced during transcription.

• AAAAAAAHH

• AAGGUAGUA

• AAUCGGAAC

• AAUTGCCTA

Translation and protein synthesis are taking place at the ribosome in this illustration. Where did the original instructions for this process originate?

• RNA in nucleus

• DNA in nucleus

• tRNA in cytoplasm

• mRNA attached to ribosome

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What type of biomolecule will be produced at the end of the process shown in the illustration?

• a fat

• a sugar

• a lipid

• a protein

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All organisms undergo protein synthesis. The first step of protein synthesis, in which a DNA strand is used to make a complementary mRNA strand, is called

• messaging

• replication

• transcription

• translation

What type of RNA acts like a delivery truck, delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis, and then leaves empty again, to go collect another amino acid?

• Transfer RNA

• Messenger RNA

• Ribosomal RNA

• Mitochondrial RNA

Which is an accurate description of the processes used to turn the DNA code of a gene into a protein?

• Transfer RNA molecules carry the messenger RNA to the ribosome.

• 
  Ribosomes go into the nucleus to read off the genes in the DNA.

• It takes one DNA base to code for three amino acids in a protein.

• Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching messenger RNA codons

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The process of meiosis is essential in the sexual reproduction and life cycle of many organisms. The outcome of meiosis is haploid gametes. Which statements correctly describe the importance of meiosis to the life cycle of these organisms? (Choose 3)

• Increasing genetic diversity ensures that no two haploid gametes are exactly the same

• Taking a diploid cell to its haploid state occurs during the first cell division of meiosis

• 
  Checkpoints during meiosis ensure that chromosome separation occurs accurately, avoiding non-disjunction

• 
  DNA synthesis occurs before each cell division in meiosis ensures that the integrity of the chromosomes is maintained

• Reducing the number of chromosomes by one-fourth during meiosis ensures the chromosome number is maintained during fertilization

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