Biology U4 EOC Practice

What is the significance of the code shown in the diagram?

• It describes how DNA is transcribed to RNA.

• It describes how RNA is translated to amino acids.

• It describes how RNA is translated to genes.

• It describes how proteins are translated to RNA.

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As a result of a point mutation, the base cytosine (C) was replaced by adenine (A) in a sequence of mRNA. Under which circumstance does this mutation cause the protein to be significantly shorter?

• The mutation introduced a stop codon into the middle of the mRNA molecule.

• fgThe mutation changed the genetic code used during translation.

• The mutation occurred in a region of mRNA that is not translated.

• The mutation introduced a start codon in the middle of the mRNA molecule.

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Several differences between DNA and RNA allow the cell to differentiate between the two molecules, ensuring that transcription and translation occur appropriately. Which is one of the properties of RNA that differentiates it from DNA?

• RNA includes phosphate groups instead of nitrogenous groups.

• RNA is double stranded instead of single stranded.

• RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

• RNA contains cytosine (C) instead of guanine (G).

What characteristic of the structure of DNA allows DNA to carry coded genetic information?

• the sequence of nitrogenous bases

• the sequence of 5-carbon sugars

• the quantity of phosphate groups

• the quantity of each type of nitrogenous base

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Alvin is studying a model of the chemical structure of a common nucleic acid. He observes that the nucleic acid consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).Alvin's observation most strongly supports which of these conclusions?

• The nucleic acid is a form of RNA, and is not DNA.

• The nucleic acid is either mRNA or rRNA, but not tRNA.

• The nucleic acid is either RNA or DNA.

• The nucleic acid is DNA, and is not RNA.

Two scientists are both studying RNA. One scientist is studying RNA in mice and the other is studying RNA in E. coli bacteria. Which of the following best describes how each scientist would use a codon chart?

• Both scientists would use the same A, T, C, G code because all organisms have RNA.

• Both scientists would use the same codon chart because in all organisms the code is read three bases at a time and in the same direction.

• The DNA for each species would create the exact same RNA.

• Each scientists would use a different codon chart based on each species.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.

​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

• Semi- Conservative

• Semi-discontinuous

• Continuous

• Fully-Conserveative

What is translation?

• the process in which DNA is copied to make another molecule of DNA

• the process in which DNA is coded into mRNA

• the process in which mRNA is decoded into a protein

• the process in which enzymes break down mRNA

The DNA sequence ATC-AGC-GCT-GGC is part of a gene. how many amino acids are coded for by this message?

• 4

• 8

• 3

• 12

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Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

GAU

• GLU

• SER

• ASP

• ILE