AP HuG U2 - 9 & 10 Key Terms

High Birth Rate

• A crude birth rate of more than 30 per 1000 people.

• A crude birth rate of less than 10 per 1000 people.

• A crude birth rate of 20 to 30 per 1000 people.

• A crude birth rate of more than 50 per 1000 people.

Demographic Equation

• A method for calculating the average age of a population.

• A formula for determining the economic growth of a country.

• The method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time (usually a year).

• A technique for measuring the literacy rate in a region.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

• The total number of births in a year.

• The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population.

• The total number of deaths in a year.

• The average number of people moving in and out of a population.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

• When a country has more births than deaths in a given year, its RNI is positive.

• When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its RNI is zero.

• When a country has more deaths than births in a given year, its RNI is negative.

• When a country has a declining birth rate, it experiences Zero Population Growth.

Gender Roles

• Culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man or woman.

• Universal traits that apply to all men and women.

• Biological differences between males and females.

• Social expectations that vary by region but are not culturally specific.

Crude Death Rate (CDR) or Mortality Rate

• The number of deaths per year per 1000 people.

• The total number of deaths in a population.

• The number of deaths per month per 1000 people.

• The percentage of deaths in a population per year.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

• The total number of children a woman can have in her lifetime.

• The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age.

• The number of children born per year in a specific population.

• The average age at which women give birth to their first child.

Degenerative Disease

• A disease that causes deterioration over time, such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke.

• A disease that is caused by a bacterial infection.

• A disease that can be cured with antibiotics.

• A disease that only affects the elderly.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

• Conceptualizes how crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) change over time as countries industrialize.

• Describes the relationship between population density and urbanization.

• Illustrates the impact of immigration on population growth.

• Explains how crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as well as the resulting rate of natural increase (RNI) change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

• A measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births.

• A measure of the number of children who die before reaching the age of five per 1000 live births.

• A measure of the total number of live births in a given year.

• A measure of the average lifespan of infants in a specific region.