Formative Assessment 2 Module 2 (4-9-25)

A 45-year-old patient presents with recurrent otitis media. During surgical repair, the surgeon accidentally injures a nerve passing through the middle ear cavity, leading to loss of taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Which nerve was most likely injured?

• Greater petrosal nerve

• Auriculotemporal nerve

• Chorda tympani nerve

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

• Inferior alveolar nerve

A 6-year-old child is brought with conductive hearing loss. Examination reveals abnormal fixation of the stapes at the oval window (otosclerosis). Which ossicle is directly involved in transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear?

• Malleus head

• Incus body

• Stapes footplate

• Manubrium of malleus

• Long process of incus

A patient sustains a temporal bone fracture leading to paralysis of stapedius muscle. On examination, the patient complains of hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to loud sounds). Which nerve was most likely damaged?

• Mandibular nerve

• Facial nerve (branch to stapedius)

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

• Vestibulocochlear nerve

• Auricular branch of vagus nerve

A 22-year-old male presents with recurrent epistaxis from Kiesselbach’s area (Little’s area). Which arterial branch most commonly contributes to bleeding in this region?

• Greater palatine artery

• Anterior ethmoidal artery

• Sphenopalatine artery

A 40-year-old man presents with anosmia following a frontal head injury. CT scan shows fracture of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Which additional complication is most likely associated with this injury?

• CSF rhinorrhea

• Septal deviation

• Hypertrophy of inferior turbinate

• Sinusitis of frontal sinus

• Epistaxis from Woodruff’s plexus

During endoscopic sinus surgery, the surgeon notes that infection has spread from the nasal cavity to the maxillary sinus through its natural opening. Where is this opening located?

• A. Middle meatus

• B. Inferior meatus

• C. Superior meatus

• D. Sphenoethmoidal recess

• E. Vestibule of the nose

A 55-year-old patient presents with profuse posterior nasal bleeding from Woodruff’s plexus. Which artery is primarily responsible for this posterior epistaxis?

• Posterior ethmoidal artery

• Greater palatine artery

• Posterior nasal branch of sphenopalatine artery

• Superior labial artery

• Anterior ethmoidal artery

A 12-year-old boy develops swelling at the roof of the nasal cavity due to enlargement of adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil). Which structure is most likely obstructed, leading to recurrent otitis media?

• Opening of sphenoidal sinus

• Eustachian tube opening

• Opening of maxillary sinus

• Opening of nasolacrimal duct

• Frontal sinus ostium

A 35-year-old woman presents with a swelling in the lower neck. On examination, the mass moves upward during swallowing but not with tongue protrusion. Which anatomical feature explains this movement?

• Thyroid is enclosed by superficial fascia

• Thyroid is attached to the cricoid cartilage by Berry’s ligament

• Thyroid gland receives blood supply from four arteries

• Thyroid develops from foramen cecum

• Thyroid gland is supplied by ansa cervicalis

A 42-year-old woman develops hoarseness of voice after total thyroidectomy. Examination reveals unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Which nerve was most likely injured during ligation of the inferior thyroid artery?

• External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

• Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

• Recurrent laryngeal nerve

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

• Hypoglossal nerve