The application layer is where network applications and their application-layer protocols reside.

• True

• False

Which of these is NOT a common application-layer protocol?

• HTTP

• IP

• SMTP

• DNS

In the client-server architecture, the client is typically the one that:

• Is always-on

• Initiates contact with the server

• Has a static IP address

• Is located in a data center

A characteristic of a P2P architecture is:

• It relies on a powerful central server

• Peers are intermittently connected and can change IP addresses

• It is easier to manage than client-server

• It does not exhibit self-scalability

A process is:

• The physical machine

• A program running on a device

• The network connection

• The operating system

The interface between the application process and the transport layer protocol is called a:

• Port

• Socket

• Protocol

• Router

To identify a specific process on a specific host, one needs:

• The host's IP address

• The port number

• Both the IP address and port number

• The MAC address

The well-known port number for HTTP is:

• 25

• 53

• 80

• 110

An application-layer protocol defines all of the following EXCEPT:

• The types of messages exchanged

• The syntax of message fields

• The semantics of the information in messages

• The voltage levels on the physical wire

A protocol like HTTP, defined in an RFC and usable by anyone, is a(n) ________ protocol.

• Open

• Proprietary

• Secret

• Outdated