chapt 10

Are designed for antigens and antibodies that may be small in size or present in very low concentration.

In the Labelled immunoassay the substance to be measured is known as the _.

Are bound by molecules that react specifically with them. Typically, this is antibody.

All the reactants are mixed together simultaneously and labeled antigen competes with unlabeled patient antigen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites.

The amount of bound label is inversely proportional to the concentration of the labeled antigen. This means that the more label detected, the less there is of patient antigen.

In a typical noncompetitive immunoassay, antibody, often called _, is first passively absorbed to a solid phase.

Unknown patient antigen is then allowed to react with and be captured by the antibody. After washing to remove unbound antigen, a second antibody with a label is added to the reaction. The amount of label measured is directly proportional to the amount of patient antigen.

Are often referred to as Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), because the enzyme-labeled reagent does not participate in the initial antigen-antibody binding reaction.

The first type of immunoassay was _ pioneered by _ in the late 1950s.

Was originally based on the principle of competitive binding. Thus, the analyte being detected competes with a radiolabeled analyte for a limited number of binding sites on a high-affinity antibody.