Unit 2 - History & Research

Which qualities do scientists possess?

• Curiosity, skepticism, and confidence

• Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

• Analytical, skepticism, and confidence

• Focus, skepticism, and stubbornness

In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

• mental processes.

• hereditary influences.

• unconscious motives.

• learned behaviors.

Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of

• conscious and unconscious mental activity.

• observable responses to the environment.

• behavior and mental processes.

• maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.

Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of

• evolution versus natural selection.

• structuralism versus functionalism.

• behavior versus mental processes.

• nature versus nurture.

Ms. D’Souza believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Ms. D’Souza favors a ________ perspective on depression.

• biological

• behavioral

• cognitive

• psychoanalytic

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

• people try to understand their own unconscious motives.

• behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.

• people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

• how behaviors and thinking vary across cultures.

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

• natural selection.

• brain chemistry.

• unconscious conflicts.

• learned behaviors.

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?

• evolutionary

• biological

• behavioral

Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a perspective.

• humanistic
• cognitive

• psychodynamic

• behavioral

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

• overconfidence.

• illusory correlation.

• the placebo effect.

• hindsight bias.