Atomic structure

Isotopes are atoms of an element that have different

• electronic structures

• numbers of electrons

• numbers of protons

• numbers of neutrons

The diagram shows a mass spectrometer.

Which process occurs in region R?

• the sample is vaporised using a heater

• electrons are removed from molecules or atoms and positive ions are formed

• electrons are added to the molecules or atoms and negative ions are formed

• ions are accelerated by an electric field

Which statement is correct for region T?

• ions with a greater mass have a smaller deflection

• ions with a greater mass have a greater deflection

• ions with a greater charge have a smaller deflection

• ions are speeded up by a magnetic field

Iodine exists as one isotope with mass number 127.
Chlorine exists as two isotopes with mass numbers 35 and 37.

How many molecular ion  ICl₃⁺ peaks are there in the mass spectrum of ICl₃?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Mass spectrometers are used in chemical analysis.

In which region of this mass spectrometer are the ions accelerated?

• region P

• region Q

• region R

• region S

Four iron ions are present in a stream of ions in a mass spectrometer. The paths of these ions are shown.

• ⁵⁴Fe⁺

• ⁵⁴Fe²⁺

• ⁵⁶Fe⁺

• ⁵⁶Fe²⁺

The center of an atom is called the ________.

________ are negatively charged particles found orbiting the nucleus.

In a neutral atom, the number of ________ is equal to the number of ________.

A particle with more protons than electrons will have a ________ charge.