Ethics and Theories 2

What does the concept of Moral Agency imply about individuals?

• They cannot make moral choices
• They are accountable for their actions
• They have fixed moral beliefs
• They are influenced solely by culture

What is a key characteristic of Moral Agency?

• It is based on cultural beliefs
• It involves understanding right and wrong
• It allows individuals to act without consequences
• It is the same as ethical relativism

Which statement best reflects Ethical Relativism?

• Everyone has the same moral beliefs
• Moral agency is universal
• Moral truths are absolute
• Moral judgments vary by culture

A global retailer allows its overseas factory workers only one day off per month, citing local labor norms. Critics in its home country call this exploitation. From an ethical relativist view, the company is:

• Violating universal human rights

• Acting unethically regardless of local norms

• Ethically justified if the practice aligns with local customs

• Legally bound to follow home country standards

An Australian brand launching in Saudi Arabia avoids using images of women in its advertisements to respect local norms. A cultural relativist would say:

• The brand is compromising its values

• Ethical standards should not change by location

• The adaptation is appropriate to local values

• This action disrespects global feminism

In a rural community, a company provides gifts to government officials to speed up land approvals. This is considered customary. According to cultural relativism, the act is:

• A clear case of corruption

• Ethical within the local context

• Universally unethical

• Subject to global anti-corruption law

Ravi justifies lying on his expense report because he feels underpaid and overworked. According to individual relativism, his action is:

• Ethically wrong regardless of his feelings

• Justifiable since he believes it's fair

• Criminal and unethical

• Subject to company rules, not ethics

During a marketing meeting, Tina speaks out against a deceptive ad campaign, risking her promotion. This is an example of:

• Loyalty to company policy

• Lack of team spirit

• Moral agency

• Ethical relativism

An intern refuses to attend diversity training, claiming “everyone should think for themselves.” His decision is best explained by:

• Cultural relativism

• Deontological ethics

• Individual relativism

• Virtue ethics

A manager refuses to fire an honest employee despite pressure to cut costs. She insists that loyalty and truth must prevail. This stance reflects:

• Cultural relativism

• Individual relativism

• Utilitarian thinking

• Moral absolutism