Unit 1 - Ch 4 - 1

Why did the researchers test PV’s ability to learn pairs of native language words, such as "castle-bread"?

• To see if her semantic coding was unimpaired

• To test her mathematical skills

• To evaluate her visual memory

• To measure her attention span

Which of the following best describes the relationship found between nonword repetition and vocabulary development in normal children?

• No relationship was found

• There was a substantial correlation between the capacity to repeat back nonwords and vocabulary development

• Only children with language impairments showed a correlation

• Vocabulary development was found to be unrelated to any memory tasks

Why do participants often use subvocal self-instructions such as “add subtract-add-subtract-add ...” during the switching condition?

• To keep their place and help with switching tasks.

• To increase the speed of calculation.

• To avoid making any mistakes in subtraction.

• To memorize the digits for later recall.

Suppose you are asked to alternate adding and subtracting 1 from a sequence of digits while repeating the word "rabbit." What cognitive process is most likely being challenged?

• Task switching and inhibition of irrelevant speech.

• Long-term memory retrieval.

• Visual perception of numbers.

• Motor coordination.

Which two Russian psychologists emphasized the use of verbal self-instruction to control behavior?

• Alexander Luria and Lev Vygotsky

• Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung

• Jean Piaget and B.F. Skinner

• Ivan Pavlov and John Watson

What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad primarily concerned with, according to the text?

• Only the storage of visual information

• The manipulation of visual and spatial information, often relying on executive resources

• The rehearsal of verbal information

• The development of language in children

What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad most likely used for, according to the text?

• Storing verbal information

• Recalling mathematical formulas

• Creating and manipulating visual images in the mind

• Remembering phone numbers

What is a possible reason given in the text for why people with vivid imagery may not have better memories?

• They are less intelligent

• They use more advanced memory techniques

• They use vividness as a sign of accuracy, which can lead to errors

• They do not try hard enough

Which type of task is described as being used to select people for jobs involving spatial thinking?

• Vocabulary tests

• Folding shapes to see if arrows meet head on

• Reading comprehension exercises

• Memorizing historical dates

What did Shepard and Feng find about the time it took participants to solve the folding shapes task?

• It was unrelated to the number of folds required

• It was shorter for women than men

• It was systematically related to the number of folds required

• It depended on the color of the shapes