A student always feels anxious before math class because of past failures. What principle is best illustrated?

• Operant Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning

• Observational Learning

• Law of Effect

A PE teacher gives praise to a student who completes a full lap. The student begins doing it daily. What is being applied?

• Negative reinforcement

• Classical conditioning

• Positive reinforcement

• Cognitive restructuring

A child repeatedly participates in jump rope games because they win and are applauded. This shows:

• Law of Readiness

• Law of Exercise

• Law of Effect

• Law of Repetition

A student sees her classmate praised for showing leadership during a dance routine and starts doing the same. This is an example of:

• Modeling

• Reinforcement

• Maturation

• Direct instruction

In a PE lesson, a teacher revisits the principle of balance from gymnastics in a new context: martial arts. This reflects:

• Discovery Learning

• Spiral Curriculum

• Conditioning

• Classical Reinforcement

A student in the concrete operational stage is asked to plan a new PE game using strategy. They struggle because they are not yet in which stage?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Formal Operational

• Post-formal

A student is learning a new dance with guidance from a peer. This reflects which Vygotskian concept

• Scaffolding

• Classical conditioning

• Assimilation

• Zone of Proximal Development

A student recognizes the pattern of a movement rather than isolated parts. This supports:

• Gestalt Learning

• Classical Conditioning

• Discovery Learning

• Behavioral Schema

A student suddenly figures out how to balance during a headstand without prior step-by-step learning. This is an example of:

• Reinforcement

• Insight Learning

• Trial-and-error

• Social Modeling

A coach gives students five instructions at once. Only some students recall them. This illustrates Miller’s:

• Dual-coding theory

• 7±2 rule

• Law of readiness

• Memory hierarchy