Basic Psychology Concepts

What are defense mechanisms in psychology?

• Defense mechanisms are social behaviors that enhance group dynamics.

• Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies used to protect oneself from anxiety and maintain emotional stability.

• Defense mechanisms are physical tools used in therapy sessions.

• Defense mechanisms are conscious strategies for achieving personal goals.

Name three common defense mechanisms.

• rationalization

• Repression, denial, projection

• sublimation

• displacement

Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?

• Carl Jung

• Alfred Adler

• Sigmund Freud

• B.F. Skinner

What are the five psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

• Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

• Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, Physical

• Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Sensory, Motor, Preoperational, Concrete, Formal

What is the primary focus of behaviorism?

• Cognitive processes and their impact on learning.

• The role of genetics in shaping personality traits.

• Observable behaviors and their modification through environmental interaction.

• Emotional responses and their influence on behavior.

Define classical conditioning in the context of behaviorism.

• Classical conditioning is a method of operant conditioning that focuses on rewards.

• Classical conditioning involves the use of punishment to modify behavior.

• Classical conditioning is a cognitive process that does not involve any stimuli.

• Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, leading to a conditioned response.

What is operant conditioning and who is associated with it?

• Operant conditioning is a learning process associated with B.F. Skinner.

• Operant conditioning is associated with Ivan Pavlov.

• Operant conditioning is a type of classical conditioning.

• Operant conditioning is a method of observational learning.

Explain the concept of reinforcement in behaviorism.

• Reinforcement is unrelated to behavior modification techniques.

• Reinforcement is a process in behaviorism that strengthens behavior through rewards (positive reinforcement) or the removal of unpleasant stimuli (negative reinforcement).

• Reinforcement only involves the use of negative consequences.

• Reinforcement is a method to punish undesirable behavior.

What is the main idea behind cognitive psychology?

• The main idea is to study the physical brain structure only.

• The main idea behind cognitive psychology is to understand how people think, learn, and remember.

• Cognitive psychology is primarily concerned with social interactions.

• Cognitive psychology focuses solely on emotions and feelings.

Describe the humanistic approach in psychology.

• The humanistic approach focuses solely on behavioral conditioning.

• The humanistic approach in psychology emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness of individuals.

• It prioritizes the study of unconscious motives and childhood experiences.

• The approach is centered around the use of medication for mental health issues.