TNEMTAERT RECNAC

Destruction of tissue by burning. Examples are electrocauterization (using a needle or snare heated by electric current), laser, dry ice, and chemicals.

Placement of a large-bore needle that extracts a core of tissue.

Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue.

Tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes. Modified radical mastectomy, colectomy, and gastrectomy are examples.

Removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue. This procedure provides a specimen for diagnosis and may be curative for small noninvasive tumors.

Wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space. Pelvic exenteration with removal of the uterus, ovaries, bladder, and segments of the large bowel may be performed to treat large primary tumors of the uterus.

Placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation.

Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high- frequency current.

Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis. More extensive surgical procedure or other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, are then used to treat the bulk of the tumor.

Implantation of small, sealed containers or seeds of radioactive material directly into the tumor (interstitial therapy); or in a cavity of the tumor (intracavitary therapy,as in endometrial cancer). An implant may be temporary (as in treatment for tumors of the head and neck or gynecologic malignancies) or permanent (as with prostatic implants, or “seeds,” placed into the affected area of the gland).