What is the sensory innervation of the knee joint?

Femoral, obturator, common peroneal, and tibial nerves

Sciatic, saphenous, and sural nerves

Tibial, sural, and genicular nerves only

Only the femoral and obturator nerves

Where is the femoral triangle?

Bound superiorly by the inguinal ligament, laterally by the sartorius, medially by the adductor longus, and posteriorly by the iliopsoas

Between the gluteus medius and minimus

Bound superiorly by the iliopsoas, medially by the sartorius, posteriorly by the gluteus maximus, and laterally adductor longus

Found on the posterior thigh between the hamstrings

What does the femoral triangle contain?

Sciatic nerve, popliteal artery and vein

Obturator nerve, profunda femoral artery and femoral vein

Saphenous nerve, adductor longus and great saphenous vein

With damage to the femoral nerve, what muscles could be involved?

Psoas major, iliacus, sartorius, pectineus, and quadriceps femoris

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus

Gluteus medius, adductor longus and brevis

Hamstrings and tensor fascia lata

With damage to the femoral nerve, what movements could be involved?

Hip flexion, external hip rotation, knee extension and knee flexion

Hip internal rotation, hip external rotation, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion

With damage to the femoral nerve, what sensations could be impaired?

Anterior thigh, medial knee/leg, and medial foot

Lateral thigh, posterior leg, and plantar foot

Posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, and medial calf

Blockage of what artery could affect the hip joint?

Femoral, profunda femoral, medial and lateral femoral circumflex, obturator, superior gluteal, and inferior gluteal

Internal pudendal, superior gluteal, inferior epigastric and genicular, obturator, and iliolumbar

Inferior epigastric and genicular

Blockage of what artery could affect the hamstrings?

Femoral, profunda femoral, and perforating arteries

Lateral circumflex and inferior gluteal

Blockage of what artery could affect the adductor magnus?

Obturator, femoral, profunda femoral, and perforating

Superior gluteal, internal iliac, and profunda femoral

Which muscles of the anterior compartment could perform flexion of the hip?

Iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, and pectineus

Gluteus medius, minimus, and TFL

Vastus medialis and intermedius

Which muscles of the anterior compartment could perform extension of the knee?

Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius

Biceps femoris and gracilis, and sartorius and iliopsoas

Damage to the obturator nerve could involve which muscles of the medial thigh?

Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

Adductor magnus, gracilis, semimembranosus, and gluteus medius

Damage to the obturator nerve could involve which movements of the hip?

Hip adduction, medial rotation, flexion and extension

Hip abduction, hip external rotation and internal rotation

Knee flexion and hip lateral rotation

Which medial compartment muscles both medially rotate and adduct the hip?

Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

Sartorius, gracilis, iliopsoas, pectineus and tensor fascia lata

Gluteus medius, maximus and minimus

What might you find if only one of the two nerves to the adductor magnus were damaged?

There would be weakness in hip adduction and medial rotation, and there could be slight weakness in hip extension when the hip is flexed

There would be a complete loss of hip flexion and hip extension

There would be a weakness in hip extension, abduction, lateral rotation, and there would be weakness in hip flexion when hip is extended

As the femoral and obturator nerves both arise from L2–4 of the lumbar plexus, how could you differentiate between a spinal nerve lesion and a lesion of either the femoral or obturator nerve?

A spinal nerve lesion would involve both femoral and obturator nerves, causing widespread motor and sensory deficits across anterior and medial thigh and leg.

A femoral nerve lesion would cause anterior thigh and medial leg motor and sensory deficits, but spare the medial thigh.

An obturator nerve lesion would impair medial thigh muscles and sensation, but spare the anterior thigh.

A spinal nerve lesion would only affect the femoral nerve distribution.

Damage to the tibial nerve could affect which posterior compartment muscles?

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of the biceps femoris

Short and long head of biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis

Gluteus medius, maximus, and minimus

Damage to the tibial nerve could affect which actions of the posterior compartment muscles?

Hip extension, knee flexion and tibial external and internal rotation

Hip flexion and extension, and knee extension and flexion

Damage to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve could affect which posterior compartment muscles?

Short head of the biceps femoris

Damage to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve could affect which actions of the posterior compartment?

Knee flexion and external tibial rotation

Hip extension and internal rotation

Ankle plantarflexion and inversion

Which of the posterior compartment muscles perform flexion of the knee?

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long and short heads of the biceps femoris

Tensor fasciae latae, short head of the biceps femoris, and sartorius

Vastus intermedius and rectus femoris

Which of the posterior compartment muscles perform internal rotation of the tibia?

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Long and short heads of the biceps femoris

Which of the posterior compartment muscles perform extension of the hip?

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of the biceps femoris

Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis

Which of the posterior compartment muscles perform external rotation of the tibia?

Long and short heads of the biceps femoris

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Trauma to the popliteal fossa could damage what muscles?

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, popliteus, and gastrocnemius

Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and long head of the biceps femoris

Tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

Trauma to the popliteal fossa could damage what nerves?

Common peroneal, tibial, medial and lateral sural, genicular, and posterior femoral cutaneous

Femoral, tibial, deep fibular, common fibular, sciatic, and obturator nerves

Deep fibular and superficial fibular only

Lateral femoral cutaneous and sciatic nerves

What arteries in the popliteal fossa supply blood directly to the knee joint?

Superior medial genicular, superior genicular, middle genicular, inferior medial genicular, and inferior lateral genicular

Deep femoral and obturator arteries

Inferior gluteal, superior gluteal, middle genicular, obturator, internal iliac, external iliac, and femoral arteries

Internal iliac and external iliac branches

Would damage to the tibial or common fibular (peroneal) nerves in the popliteal fossa affect motor or sensory innervation in the anterior leg?

Yes, it involves the deep fibular nerve off of common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Yes, it involves the femoral nerve

Would damage to the tibial or common fibular (peroneal) nerves in the popliteal fossa affect motor or sensory innervation in the medial thigh?

No, this involves the obturator nerve (damage distal to nerve)

No, this involves the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Yes, the femoral nerve is involved

Would damage to the tibial or common fibular (peroneal) nerves in the popliteal fossa affect motor or sensory innervation in the posterior leg?

Yes, this involves the tibial nerve

Yes, this involves the femoral nerve

Only sensory fibers would be affected

Would damage to the tibial or common fibular (peroneal) nerves in the popliteal fossa affect motor or sensory innervation in the anterior thigh?

No, this involves the femoral nerve (damage distal to nerve)

Yes, the sciatic nerve controls this area

Yes, the obturator nerve is involved

Only sensory innervation is affected

Would damage to the tibial or common fibular (peroneal) nerves in the popliteal fossa affect motor or sensory innervation in the foot?

Yes, innervation to the foot from tibial and common fibular nerve

Only the tibial nerve is involved

Only deep fibular nerve controls the foot

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What is the difference between extra-articular and intra-articular structures?

What are the extra-articular structures of the knee?

What extra-articular structures of the knee are common to both the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints?

What are the intra-articular structures of the knee?

What intra-articular structures are common to both the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints?

What is the bursa found over the tibial tuberosity?

What is the bursa found deep to the quadriceps tendon?

What is the bursa found superficial to the patella?

What is the bursa found deep to the patellar ligament?

What is the bursa found over the lateral tibial condyle?

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