8.2 BIOLOGY

How do insects ventilate their tracheal system?

• Using lungs

• By pumping blood to deliver oxygen

• By opening and closing spiracles and contracting abdominal muscles

• By swallowing air

What happens during inhalation in humans?

• Diaphragm relaxes, ribcage moves down

• Diaphragm contracts, thoracic cavity volume increases.

• Lung pressure increases

• Air is pushed out of the lungs

What happens when a human exhales?

• Thoracic cavity expends

• Diaphragm contracts

• Air pressure in lungs decreases

• Air is pushed out as lung volume increases

What is the correct order of structures that air passes through in the human respiratory system?

• Bronchi -> Alveoli -> Trachea -> Nose

• Nose -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Alveoli

• Nose -> Trachea -> Alveoli -> Bronchi

• Nose -> Bronchi -> Trachea -> Alveoli

In fish, how is water drawn over the gills?

• By closing spiracles

• By swallowing air

• By opening and closing operculum to create pressure difference

• By lung expension

What is the structure that helps frog to ventilate their lungs?

• Diaphragm

• Buccal cavity

• Gills

• Spiracles

Which of the following correctly describes how a frog breathes while resting on land?

• Air is sucked into the lungs by expending the rib cage

• The diaphragm contracts and pulls air into the lungs

• The buccal cavity pushes air into the lungs by raising its floor

• Gills actively extract oxygen from the air.

A frog is sitting quietly on a rock. What is the most likely method it uses for respiration at this moment?

• Lung breathing only

• Skin breathing primarily

• Buccal pumping continuosly

• Spiracles open for gas exchange

Which of the following changes occur simultaneously during inhalation?

• Rib cage contracts and diaphragm relaxes

• Rib cage moves down, lungs deflate

• Intercoastal muscles and diaphragm both contract

• Lungs contract to create space for air

Which of the following occurs during forced exhalation (eg., blowing out candles)?

• Diaphragm contracts

• Internal intercoastal muscles contract

• Thoracic volume increases

• Lungs expand beyond capacity