MMS3443 Topic 1

What is marine geology primarily concerned with?

• The exploration of outer space

• The study of the Earth's atmosphere

• The study of terrestrial ecosystems

• The character and history of the Earth below the sea

Which of the following is NOT a branch of oceanography?

• Geological oceanography

• Chemical oceanography

• Physical oceanography

• Astronomical oceanography

Who was the first submarine geologist?

• Sir John Murray

• James Cooke

• Matthew Fontaine Maury

• Charles Wyville Thomson

What significant discovery did the HMS Challenger Expedition confirm?

• The depth of the Mariana Trench

• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

• The age of the Earth

• The existence of coral reefs

What was the primary purpose of the USS Albatross expedition?

• To collect sediment samples

• To map the ocean floor

• To investigate coral reefs and marine biology

• To measure ocean currents

What technology was first used by the German ship Meteor in the 1920s?

• GPS

• Sonar

• Echo sounding

• Radar

Which program was formed in the 1960s to enhance ocean drilling?

• Joint Oceanographic Institutes for Deep Earth Sampling

• Integrated Ocean Drilling Program

• Deep Sea Drilling Project

• Ocean Drilling Program

What was a major contribution of the Glomar Challenger?

• It created the first bathymetric map

• It confirmed the validity of seafloor spreading

• It mapped the ocean currents

• It discovered new marine species

How deep can the JOIDES Resolution drill?

• Up to 2 miles

• Up to 10 miles

• Up to 5 miles

• Up to 3 miles

What was one of the key outcomes of the Challenger Reports?

• They resulted in better understanding of ocean depths and sediment distribution

• They provided a detailed analysis of ocean currents

• They focused solely on marine biology

• They were published in a single volume