Chapter 8: Key Terms

conciliation

• A process where management and unions negotiate directly without a mediator.

• A negotiation process in which a specialist in labor-management negotiations acts as a go-between for management and the unions and helps focus on the problems.

• A method of resolving disputes through arbitration without any negotiation.

• A formal meeting where all parties agree to disagree on labor issues.

union shop

• Nonunion workers can be hired but must join the union later.

• All workers must be union members before being hired.

• Only union members can work in a union shop.

• Nonunion workers are not allowed to work at all.

affirmative action programs

• Programs established by organizations to expand job opportunities for women and minorities.

• Programs aimed at reducing the tax burden on corporations.

• Initiatives designed to promote volunteerism among citizens.

• Policies that restrict hiring based on age and experience.

agency shop

• Workers must join a union and pay dues.

• Workers don’t have to join a union but must pay union dues.

• Workers can choose to join a union or not, but must pay higher dues if they do.

• Workers are not required to pay any dues or join a union.

right-to-work law

• State laws that allow an employee to opt out of joining a union.

• Federal laws that require all employees to join a union.

• State laws that mandate union membership for all employees.

• Federal regulations that prohibit union activities.

unemployment compensation

• Government payment to unemployed former workers.

• Financial aid for job training programs.

• Tax incentives for businesses hiring new employees.

• Welfare benefits for low-income families.

human resource (HR) management

• The process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating employees to achieve organizational goals.

• A method for tracking employee attendance and performance.

• A strategy for reducing operational costs in a company.

• A system for managing customer relationships and feedback.

mentoring

• A form of on-the-job training in which a senior manager or other experienced employee provides job- and career-related information to a mentee.

• A type of formal education that occurs in a classroom setting.

• A process where employees are evaluated based on their performance metrics.

• A method of team-building that focuses on group activities and exercises.

apprenticeship

• A form of on-the-job training that combines specific job instruction with classroom instruction.

• A type of formal education that occurs in a university setting.

• A short-term job that requires no prior experience or training.

• A self-directed learning process that occurs outside of a structured environment.

recruitment

• The process of training employees for their roles.

• The attempt to find and attract qualified applicants in the external labor market.

• The evaluation of employee performance.

• The process of promoting employees within the organization.