Kidney Function and Disorders Quiz

What is the primary mechanism for acidification of urine?

• Ammonia trapping

• Bicarbonate reabsorption

• Hydrogen ion secretion

• Potassium excretion

Which nephron segment secretes the majority of H+ ions?

• Proximal tubule

• Distal tubule

• Loop of Henle

• Collecting duct

What stimulates H⁺ secretion in the kidneys?

• Alkalosis

• Hypoventilation

• Low aldosterone

• Acidosis

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by?

• Hematuria

• Proteinuria >3.5g/day

• Glucosuria

• Polyuria

Which of the following is not a feature of nephrotic syndrome?

• Hypoalbuminemia

• Edema

• Hyperlipidemia

• Hypertension

What is Transport Maximum (Tm)?

• Maximum blood flow to kidney

• Maximum pressure in glomerulus

• Max rate of solute reabsorption

• Max volume of urine

Tm for glucose is approximately?

• 50 mg/min

• 200 mg/min

• 375 mg/min

• 600 mg/min

What happens when glucose concentration exceeds Tmax?

• Glucose excretion decreases

• Glucose absorption increases

• Glucose appears in urine

• No change

Tubuloglomerular feedback involves?

• Macula densa

• Mesangial cells

• Podocytes

• Renal artery

Macula densa detects?

• Oxygen levels

• NaCl concentration

• Protein levels

• Pressure