DNA & RNA

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins. It is single-stranded and is involved in various biological roles, including coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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How many types of RNA are there?

Back

There are three main types of RNA: mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

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What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins. Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication or by environmental factors.

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What is DNA replication?

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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division. This ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

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What is a gene?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins, which determine a particular trait.

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What is the role of mRNA in transcription?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is synthesized during transcription, where it copies the genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

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What is rRNA?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs. It helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two long strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, with complementary base pairs (adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine) connecting the strands.