Skin

Stem cells have been identified in the epidermis of the skin, which provide a constant renewal of the cellular composition. They are located in a specific layer adjacent to the basement membrane. In which layer are these cells located?

• Thorny

• Basal

• Granular

• Shiny

• Horny

A patient with sebaceous gland inflammation has hypersecretion of sebum. Histological examination showed that the gland cells are destroyed during secretion. What type of secretion is characteristic of sebaceous glands?

• Microapocrine

• Eccrine

• Holocrine

• Macroapocrine

• Merocrine

Patient: A 30-year-old man exposed to sunlight.

The situation: Microscopy revealed an increase in the number of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. How will the cellular composition of the epidermis change?

• Decrease in keratinization

• The number of fibroblasts will increase

• The activity of melanocytes will increase

• Atrophy of sebaceous glands

• The appearance of microcracks

Patient: A 15-year-old teenager with abrasions on the skin of his forearm.

Situation: Histological examination of the wound edge shows active cell division in the lower layers of the epidermis. What layers are used to restore the skin?

• Granular and thorny

• Basal and thorny

• Horny and thorny

• Papillary layer of the dermis

• Subcutaneous tissue

Patient: A 60-year-old man complaining of decreased pain and temperature sensitivity in his feet.

The situation: Microscopically, there are no terminal nerve endings in the skin, located next to the sweat and sebaceous glands. What function of the skin was affected by this disorder?

• Keratinization

• Barrier

• Sensory

• Pigmentation

• Immune

Patient: A 28-year-old woman on vacation by the sea.

Situation: there is an increase in pigment granules and proliferation of melanocytes in the biopsy. What functions of the skin are activated in this case?

• Keratinization

• Synthesis of vitamin D

• Immunity

• Heat exchange

• Mechanical protection

Patient: A 50-year-old male in deep sleep.

Situation: partial redistribution of blood in the capillaries of the skin has been revealed. What function of the skin is realized in this condition?

• Immune activity

• Barrier protection

• Blood deposition

• Thermoregulation

• Sensory function

The patient has hyperemia of the skin and peeling in the affected areas. Laboratory examination revealed a fungal infection affecting the surface layers of the epithelium. What type of epithelium was affected?

• Multilayer flat non-keratinized

• Multilayer flat keratinized

• Multilayer cubic

• Transitional

• Multi-row prismatic ciliated

Patient: A 25-year-old woman after laser facial skin resurfacing.

The situation: Microscopy revealed high mitotic activity in the basal and thorny layers of the epidermis. In what condition can such a phenomenon occur?

• Vitamin deficiency

• Regeneration after injury

• Physical activity

• Hormone therapy

• Calcium deficiency

Patient: A 66-year-old male with cachexia due to cancer.

Situation: On general examination, there is complete depletion of adipose tissue, with the exception of the cheeks and palms. Why is adipose tissue preserved in these areas?

• Trophic epidermis

• Hormonal effect

• Energy reserve

• Protective function

• Vascular blood supply