LS.7.1.4 Digestion and Excretion

What is the process called by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use?

• Mechanical digestion

• Chemical digestion

• Peristalsis

• Absorption

Which organ produces bile?

• Pancreas

• Liver

• Gallbladder

• Stomach

What is the main function of the large intestine?

• Absorb nutrients

• Store bile

• Absorb water and eliminate waste

• Produce digestive enzymes

Which structure increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

• Villi

• Nephron

• Ureter

• Bladder

Which organ is responsible for filtering waste from the blood?

• Liver

• Kidney

• Stomach

• Bladder

Which of the following best describes the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

• Mechanical digestion uses enzymes, while chemical digestion uses muscles.

• Mechanical digestion breaks food into smaller pieces physically, while chemical digestion breaks food down with enzymes.

• Mechanical digestion happens only in the stomach, while chemical digestion happens only in the mouth.

• Mechanical digestion absorbs nutrients, while chemical digestion stores waste.

If the gallbladder is removed from a person, which function would be most directly affected?

• Storage and concentration of bile

• Production of digestive enzymes

• Absorption of water

• Filtration of blood

A student eats a sandwich. Trace the path the food takes from the mouth to the stomach.

• Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach

• Mouth → Stomach → Esophagus

• Esophagus → Mouth → Stomach

• Mouth → Small intestine → Stomach

Suppose a person’s villi are damaged due to illness. What effect would this most likely have on their digestion?

• They would have trouble absorbing nutrients from food.

• They would not be able to produce bile.

• Their stomach would stop producing acid.

• Their kidneys would stop filtering blood.

A patient is experiencing difficulty moving food from the esophagus to the stomach. Which process is most likely not functioning properly, and what could be a possible consequence?

• Peristalsis; food may get stuck in the esophagus

• Chemical digestion; food will not be broken down

• Absorption; nutrients will not enter the blood

• Filtration; waste will build up in the blood