Quiz on Anatomy and Physiology of the Esophagus

What is the length of the esophagus in an adult?

• 35 cm

• 30 cm

• 25 cm

• 20 cm

At which vertebral level does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

• T10

• T11

• T4

• C6

Which layer of the esophagus is lined by stratified squamous epithelium?

• Muscular layer

• Fibrous layer

• Mucosa

• Submucosa

What type of muscle fibers are found in the upper third of the esophagus?

• Cardiac muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Striated muscle

• Both striated and smooth muscle

Which nerve supplies the parasympathetic fibers to the esophagus?

• Hypoglossal nerve

• Vagus nerve

• Phrenic nerve

• Accessory nerve

What is the primary function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

• Prevent aspiration

• Facilitate swallowing

• Prevent esophageal reflux

• Assist in mastication

Which phase of swallowing involves the elevation of the tongue against the palate?

• Pharyngeal phase

• Gastric phase

• Esophageal phase

• Oral phase

What occurs during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

• The esophagus contracts

• The bolus contacts pharyngeal mucosa

• Food is propelled into the esophagus

• Food is chewed

Which condition is NOT a preoesophageal cause of dysphagia?

• Cleft palate

• Tumors of the pharynx

• Stomatitis

• Achalasia

What is a common symptom of esophageal obstruction?

• Nausea

• Dysphagia

• Heartburn

• Diarrhea