Bronchial Anatomy Quiz

Why is the surface area of the alveoli important for respiratory function?

• It increases the efficiency of gas exchange between air and blood.

• It helps trap dust and pathogens.

• It reduces the amount of air entering the lungs.

• It prevents the lungs from collapsing.

Which phospholipid is most critical for air space stability in the surfactant layer of the lungs?

• Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

• Phosphatidylserine

• Sphingomyelin

• Phosphatidylethanolamine

Which surfactant protein is most abundant and is responsible for surfactant homeostasis?

• Surfactant protein A (SP-A)

• Surfactant protein B (SP-B)

• Surfactant protein C (SP-C)

• Surfactant protein D (SP-D)

What is the primary function of surfactant protein B (SP-B)?

• Transformation of the lamellar body into the thin surface film of surfactant

• Regulation of surfactant synthesis

• Binding to microorganisms

• Aiding in orientation of DPPC

What is the primary function of the thin portion of the air–blood barrier?

• To allow most gas exchange to occur

• To accumulate tissue fluid

• To produce surfactant

• To drain lymphatic fluid

Which type of cell is responsible for producing surfactant in the alveolus?

• Type I alveolar cell

• Macrophage

• Type II alveolar cell

• Endothelial cell

Which of the following best describes the location of septal macrophages in the lungs?

• In the air spaces of the alveoli

• In the connective tissue of the interalveolar septa

• In the bronchial tree

• In the pharynx

Recent evidence suggests that apoptosis of septal macrophages contributes to the development of which disease?

• Asthma

• Emphysema

• Pneumonia

• Bronchitis

What is a possible consequence of the enlargement of alveolar capillaries and small hemorrhages into the alveoli?

• Increased oxygen exchange

• Decreased lung compliance

• Pulmonary congestion and edema

• Enhanced surfactant production

What is the primary function of alveolar macrophages as described in the photomicrograph caption?

• Phagocytosis of cellular debris and inhaled environmental pollutants

• Production of surfactant

• Gas exchange

• Secretion of mucus