Cause and Effect Quiz

Which of the following best illustrates a reverse cause-and-effect relationship?

• Hours spent studying and exam performance.

• Number of umbrellas sold and amount of rainfall.

• Physical fitness and frequency of exercise.

• Amount of sleep and alertness during the day.

Heating a metal rod causes it to expand. Cooling water turns it into ice. These are examples of …

• Presumed Relationship

• Common-Cause Factor

• Cause-and-Effect Relationship

• Accidental Relationship

Which of the following pairs best illustrates a spurious correlation?

• Number of books read, vocabulary size

• Amount of exercise, physical fitness

• Number of movies watched, number of rainy days

• Height, shoe size

Which of the following best illustrates a presumed relationship?

• Hours studied, exam scores

• Height, shoe size

• Amount of coffee consumed, number of books read

• Distance traveled, fuel used

What is it called when a change in one variable directly results in a change in another variable?

• Cause-and Effect Relationship

• Coincidental Relationship

• Indirect Relationship

• Spurious Correlation

Which of the following pairs is NOT likely to be related by a common-cause factor?

• Number of ice cream sales and number of drowning incidents

• Amount of rainfall and number of car accidents

• Number of books read and number of shoes owned

• Temperature and electricity usage for air conditioning

What is the term for a situation where a change in X variable leads to a change in Y variable?

• Reverse Cause-and Effect Relationship

• Presumed Relationship

• Cause-and Effect Relationship

• Accidental Relationship

When two variables appear to be related, but the relationship is not due to one causing the other, this is known as…

• Presumed Relationship

• Reverse Cause-and-Effect Relationship

• Common-Cause Factor

• Accidental Relationship

Which method is commonly used to control the influence of confounding variables in research?

• Random assignment of subjects

• Assuming causality

• Ignoring outliers

• Using only one variable

Number of hours studied, test score achieved; Number of books read, vocabulary size; Number of hours slept, alertness level

• Common-cause relationship

• Cause-and-Effect Relationship

• Reverse Cause-and-Effect Relationship

• Accidental Relationship