AMSCO Chapter 3 Vocabulary

System

• A collection of unrelated parts

• A set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.

• A random assortment of items

• An isolated entity without connections

Organic Compounds

• Compounds that contain carbon and are found in living things.

• Compounds that are only found in plants.

• Compounds that do not contain carbon.

• Compounds that are synthetic and man-made.

Hydrocarbon

• An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

• A compound made of hydrogen and oxygen.

• A type of mineral found in rocks.

• A synthetic material used in plastics.

Cellular Respiration

• The process of converting glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen.

• The process of breaking down ATP into glucose without oxygen.

• The process of converting carbon dioxide into glucose during photosynthesis.

• The process of using sunlight to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.

Glucose

• A complex carbohydrate that stores energy in plants.

• A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

• A type of protein that helps in muscle building.

• A fat molecule that provides insulation and energy.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

• A process that converts glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

• A process by which glucose and other six-carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate.

• A method of aerobic respiration that produces oxygen.

• A fermentation process that occurs only in yeast.

Compounds

• Substances formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

• Elements that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

• Mixtures of two or more different compounds.

• Pure substances that consist of only one type of atom.

Polysaccharides

• Carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units.

• Simple sugars that are easily digestible.

• Fats that provide energy storage.

• Proteins that serve as enzymes.

Active Site

• The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

• The part of the enzyme that is not involved in the reaction.

• The location where enzymes are synthesized.

• The area of the enzyme that determines its shape.

Alcohol Fermentation

• A process where sugars are converted into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

• A method of converting proteins into amino acids for energy.

• A technique used to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

• A biological process that involves the breakdown of fats into fatty acids.