FINAL REVIEW 2024-2025

A person is standing and looking into a clear lake. They see a fish that appears to be directly below them and attempts to spear it. However, they miss. Which explanation best describes why the spear missed, and how they should correct their aim next time?

• Light bends away from the normal as it enters the water, so the fish appears deeper than it actually is; aim lower next time.

• Light bends toward the normal as it enters the water, so the fish appears shallower than it really is; aim below the fish.

• Refraction causes the fish to look closer than it really is; aim directly at the fish to compensate.

• The water reflects most of the light, so the fish is invisible at an angle; aim higher to allow for light scatter.

The illustration above shows transverse waves. What is the Top part of the wave?

• Crest

• Trough

• Amplitude

• Frequency

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-1

Which describes how energy passes through this food web?

• Salamanders get energy from snakes and mice.

• Acorns get energy from insects and pine trees.

• Mice get energy from salamanders and insects.

• Snakes get energy from salamanders and mice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In this food web, which two organisms could be harmed if the mouse population were to decline?

• Deer and caterpillar

• Wolf and snake

• Oak and grass

• Hawk and songbird

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Acorn barnacles are seashore animals found on rocks. They live 1 to 2 meters above low-tide level. These rocks are the acorn barnacles' —

• ecosystem

• community

• food web

• habitat

Create a food chain from the food web below.

• A food chain from the food web is: Plant → Mule Deer → Pine Marten → Bobcat.

• A food chain from the food web is: Snake → Frog → Grasshopper → Grass.

• A food chain from the food web is: Grasshopper → Grass → Snake → Frog.

• A food chain from the food web is: Frog → Snake → Grasshopper → Grass.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which object has the same function as a bird's beak?

• Cup

• Bowl

• Straw

• Tongs

Scenario 2: Butterflies are a delicious snack for many bird species. Over time, birds learn which butterflies are safe to eat, and which ones are not. The monarch looks lovely but stores a toxin in its body that is produced in the milkweed plant it loves to eat. Viceroy butterflies do not eat milkweed and therefore do not store the poison, but birds stay away from viceroy butterflies because they look very similar to the monarchs they have learned are poisonous. Choose the best explanation for why viceroy butterflies, over time, have adapted to mimic monarch butterflies.

• Viceroy butterflies can change their colors after they are born to mimic the monarchs.

• Viceroy butterflies mimic the monarchs by eating the milkweed that makes monarchs poisonous to predators.

• The viceroy butterflies mutated to look like the monarchs after they saw that the birds didn’t eat the monarchs.

• The viceroy butterflies produced that were similar in appearance to monarch butterflies were overlooked by the birds, and therefore survived to reproduce.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Choose the following statement that is not a structural adaptation.

• Seeds have long roots to float in the water.

• The entangled roots are home to many fish.

• The leaves expel salt crystals on their surface.

• Ariel roots come out of the water to absorb oxygen.

A scientist visits the Sonoran Desert during the summer and records several characteristics of the desert during the trip, as listed in the chart. 1. It is hot and dry during the day and cold at night. 2. It receives very little rainfall throughout the year. 3. The soil is sandy with gravel and rock fragments. 4. The soil is very dry. The scientist notices that the cactus is the most common plant of that region. It has leaves that have adapted into spines. How does this characteristic help the cactus survive in the Sonoran Desert?

• It helps reduce water loss.

• It produces food for the plant.

• It helps absorb moisture from the air.

• It allows quick intake of gases from the air.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5