Sedimentary Rock & Fossil Fuel Formation Checkpoint

The model below shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

• Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock

• The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock

• Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock

• Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The diagram below shows the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone. Which two processes best complete this diagram?

• Melting and cooling

• Erosion and compaction

• Compaction and cementation

• Evaporation and dissolving

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following questions were we most likely trying to answer through our sandwich model and investigation?

• How are fossil fuels created over time with pressure?

• How much mass does the sedimentary rock contain?

• What happens when the cup sits in the window over a week?

• What is the most common rock in Texas?

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Where does the sediment that forms sedimentary rocks come from?

• Sediments are formed by the cooling of magma

• Sediments are formed from the bones of dead fish

• Sediments are formed from decaying plant and animal matter

• Sediments are formed when rocks are broken down by weathering

Answer explanation

Always remember!! The first step of creating sedimentary rocks is the breaking down of bigger rocks! 😎

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A student creates a model of the formation of fossil fuels by first placing a layer of leaves, representing organic matter, in the bottom of a cup. What step will come next in making the model?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

Remember!! Most fossil fuels were formed in the ocean hundreds of millions of years ago!! 😁

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

The main processes for creating sedimentary rocks is by adding (a)   and pressure.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

How could you conserve (save) MORE fossil fuels?

• Take car trips using a lot of gasoline.

• Run the gas heater when no one is home.

• Take less car trips by walking and riding bikes to reduce use of fossil fuels. 

• Take longer showers.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which of the following statements best describes compaction AND cementation?

Select two correct answers.

• Compaction happens when layers of rock press together.

• Compaction happens when rocks are weathered and eroded.

• Cementation happens when minerals stick the rock sediments together.

• Cementation happens when water covers layers of rock.

What needs to be present in the peat for fossil fuels to form?

• Sand and small pieces of wood

• Mostly decaying plants

• Mostly lava and sedimentary rocks

• Mostly minerals

Answer explanation

peat. noun. ˈpēt. : a dark brown or blackish material that is the remains of plants partly decayed in water and is sometimes dug up and dried for use as fuel.

Peat is the science word for "dead organic matter" 👍

What process needs to occur over many years for sedimentary rocks to be completely formed?

• Evaporation and condensation from the water cycle

• Weathering of rock to break it apart

• Compaction and cementation to make sedimentary rock

• Heat and pressure to change the dead plants into coal