2025 Government Final

John Locke believed people are born with natural rights to ________, liberty, and property.

• life

• wealth

• happiness

• power

Which concept is based on the idea that government powers come from the consent of the governed?

• Judicial review

• Federalism

• Social contract

• Elastic clause

Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu influenced the U.S. system by promoting the Separation of powers and checks and balances to prevent tyranny.

• True

• False

Match the following concepts with their related terms or phrases:

• Separation of Powers

• Federal law over state law

• Supremacy Clause

• Checks and Balances

• Articles of Confederation

• Weak central government

Fill in the blank: Each branch of government has its own powers and can limit the others. This is known as ________.

• Separation of Powers

• Judicial Review

• Federalism

• Popular Sovereignty

Fill in the blank: When federal and state laws conflict, ________ prevails.

• federal law

• state law

• local law

• municipal law

A state law conflicts with a federal law. Which clause in the Constitution decides which law wins?

• Commerce Clause

• Supremacy Clause

• Necessary and Proper Clause

• Bill of Rights Clause

The 4th Amendment protects citizens from illegal ________ and seizures.

• searches

• arrests

• judgments

• convictions

SECTION 3: Federalism and Civil Liberties Directions: Use critical thinking to apply constitutional principles. Short Answer:

• Civil liberties like the First Amendment protect freedom of speech, preventing the government from punishing individuals for expressing opinions.

• Civil liberties like the First Amendment require all citizens to express the same opinions as the government.

• Civil liberties like the First Amendment allow the government to punish individuals for expressing unpopular opinions.

• Civil liberties like the First Amendment only apply to government officials, not ordinary citizens.

Which chamber of Congress has the power to begin the impeachment process?

• Senate

• House of Representatives

• Supreme Court

• State Legislatures