PLTW PBS Final Review

What is the cortex of hair?

• The outermost layer of hair that protects it from damage.

• The middle layer of hair, containing fibrous proteins and melanin, which gives hair its strength, color, and texture.

• The innermost layer of hair that stores nutrients and moisture.

• A layer of hair that is responsible for hair growth.

What is a deoxyribose sugar?

• A five-carbon sugar molecule that is a component of RNA.

• A five-carbon sugar molecule that is a component of DNA, lacking one oxygen atom compared to ribose.

• A six-carbon sugar molecule found in glucose.

• A four-carbon sugar molecule that is a component of proteins.

How many restriction sites are present if a restriction enzyme cuts twice?

• One restriction site

• Two restriction sites

• Three restriction sites

• Four restriction sites

What is a restriction site?

• A specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA where a restriction enzyme can cut the DNA.

• A type of enzyme that modifies DNA sequences.

• A region in the genome that is resistant to mutations.

• A site where DNA replication begins.

What is the medulla of hair?

• The outermost layer of hair that protects against damage.

• The innermost layer of hair, which may be absent in some hair types and is composed of loosely packed cells.

• The middle layer of hair that provides strength and elasticity.

• A type of hair follicle that produces hair strands.

What are hydrogen bonds in DNA?

• Strong connections between sugar and phosphate groups in DNA strands.

• Weak attractions between the nitrogenous bases of DNA strands, holding the two strands together and allowing for the double helix structure.

• Covalent bonds that form between the nitrogenous bases of DNA strands.

• Ionic bonds that stabilize the overall structure of DNA.

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

• Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Uracil (U)

• Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Adenine (A)

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

• Ribose is a five-carbon sugar with an -OH group on the 2' carbon, while deoxyribose lacks this oxygen atom, making it a component of DNA.

• Ribose is a six-carbon sugar, while deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar with an -OH group on the 2' carbon.

• Ribose and deoxyribose are identical sugars, both found in RNA.

• Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar with an -OH group on the 2' carbon, while ribose lacks this oxygen atom.

What is the cuticle of hair?

• The inner layer of hair that provides moisture.

• The outermost layer of hair, composed of overlapping cells that protect the inner layers and contribute to the hair's strength and shine.

• A type of hair treatment that enhances shine.

• The part of hair that determines its color.

What is a base pair?

• A pair of amino acids in a protein structure.

• A pair of nitrogenous bases connected by hydrogen bonds in DNA.

• A pair of sugar molecules in RNA.

• A pair of lipids in a cell membrane.

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