Tech Prep Cell & Metabolism Part 2

What is the key difference between a totipotent stem cell and a pluripotent stem cell?

• A totipotent stem cell can differentiate into any cell type, including placental cells, while a pluripotent stem cell can differentiate into all cell types of the body but not placental cells.

• A pluripotent stem cell can differentiate into any cell type, including placental cells, while a totipotent stem cell can differentiate into all cell types of the body but not placental cells.

• Totipotent stem cells are found in adult tissues, while pluripotent stem cells are found in early embryos.

• Pluripotent stem cells have more limited differentiation potential than totipotent stem cells.

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often releasing energy, is called:

• Anabolism

• Catabolism

• Metabolism

• Homeostasis

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, often requiring energy, is called:

• Anabolism

• Catabolism

• Metabolism

• Homeostasis

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism is called:

• Homeostasis

• Catabolism

• Anabolism

• Metabolism

Which molecule serves as the primary energy-carrying molecule in the cell?

• Glucose

• Protein

• DNA

• ATP

What are enzymes?

• Structural components of the cell membrane.

• Genetic material that codes for proteins.

• Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

• Storage molecules for energy.

What is the general function of enzymes?

• To provide energy for cellular processes.

• To store genetic information.

• To lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

• To transport molecules across cell membranes.

Cofactors and coenzymes play important roles in enzyme activity by:

• Assisting the enzyme in its catalytic function.

• Providing the genetic code for the enzyme.

• Serving as the building blocks of the enzyme.

• Inhibiting enzyme activity.

A series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a starting molecule through a number of enzymatic steps to a final product is called a(n):

• Metabolic pathway

• Feedback loop

• Signal transduction pathway

• Gene regulatory network

How can a metabolic pathway be regulated by a negative feedback mechanism (feedback inhibition)?

• The initial substrate of the pathway inhibits an enzyme early in the pathway.

• The end product of the pathway inhibits an enzyme early in the pathway.

• An intermediate in the pathway activates an enzyme later in the pathway.

• The rate of the pathway increases in response to the accumulation of the end product.