AP Bio gene control and biotechnology

Front

What is transcriptional control of gene expression?

Back

Transcriptional control of gene expression refers to the regulation of the transcription process, determining how much of a gene is transcribed into mRNA, which ultimately affects protein production.

Front

What is post-transcriptional control of gene expression?

Back

Post-transcriptional control involves mechanisms that regulate gene expression after transcription, such as splicing of mRNA, editing, and degradation.

Front

What are enhancers in gene regulation?

Back

Enhancers are regulatory DNA sequences that, when bound by specific proteins (transcription factors), increase the likelihood of transcription of a particular gene.

Front

What is alternative splicing?

Back

Alternative splicing is a process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by including or excluding certain sequences (exons) from the final mRNA.

Front

What are introns?

Back

Introns are non-coding sequences in a gene that are removed during the processing of mRNA before it is translated into a protein.

Front

What is the role of transcription factors?

Back

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes, either promoting or inhibiting the process.

Front

What is a carcinogen?

Back

A carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes the formation of cancer by causing mutations in DNA.

Front

What is gene mutation?

Back

A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, which can lead to changes in the protein produced.

Front

What is the significance of the R and S bacteria experiment in gene control?

Back

The experiment with live R and dead S bacteria demonstrated the principle of transformation, where genetic material from dead bacteria can be taken up by live bacteria, leading to changes in their characteristics.

Front

What is mRNA stability control?

Back

mRNA stability control refers to the regulation of the lifespan of mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm, affecting how long they are available for translation into proteins.