THE EVOLUTION OF ASTRONOMY

Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with roots in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley around 3000–5000 BCE.

• TRUE

• FALSE

What is Antikythera mechanism?

• A geocentric model created by Ptolemy.

• A cataloged star.

• An ancient Greek analog computer that could predict lunar phases and eclipses based on Babylonian astronomical knowledge.

Islamic astronomers refined tools like the astrolabe and quadrant for...

• precise celestials measurements.

• determining prayer times.

• observing lunar phases for Ramadan.

• All of the above.

What is one of the contributions of Hipparchus?

• Authored Almagest, a geocentric model of the universe explaining planetary motions with epicycles, which remained influential for over a millennium.

• Created the first comprehensive star catalog with 850 entries, assigning celestial coordinates to stars.

• Measured Earth's circumference with surprising precision using the angle of the Sun's rays at different locations.

What are the contributions of Al-Battani?

• Pioneered trigonometric methods, laying foundations for modern astronomy.

• Predicted eclipses and calculated the length of the solar year with remarkable accuracy.

• Enhanced the astrolabe by finding new applications, including measuring distances and heights

• Improved Ptolemy's calculations and introduced more accurate tables for solar and lunar orbits.

Galileo Galilei contributed in astronomy by...

• Measured Earth's circumference with extraordinary precision and analyzed celestial movements using original sources rather than translations.

• Formulated laws of planetary motion based on precise observations of Mars.

• Developed universal laws of gravitation that explained planetary motion and laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.

• Observed Jupiter's moons and Venus' phases, providing evidence for Copernicus' heliocentric model despite opposition from the Church.

What is the name of the astronomical development in the picture?

• VERA C. RUBIN OBSERVATORY

• JWST

• LASERSETI

• TELESCOPE