is akin to drawing a roadmap for education

Content or Subject Matter - summary

It involves a series of decisions made at different levels, from national to classroom, that collectively determine the direction and substance of teaching and learning.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

This multi-level decision-making process ensures that a curriculum is coherent and aligned with overarching educational goals.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

define what needs to be done in education. They describe the aims, goals, and intended outcomes, including the vision, philosophy, and mission of the curriculum.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

help clearly define the purpose and direction of the curriculum, guiding actions and decision-making.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

These are often categorized into three domains: Cognitive (mental skills/knowledge), Affective (attitudes/values), and Psychomotor (physical skills).

Content or Subject Matter - summary

includes the information students need to learn in school. It serves as a medium to achieve curriculum objectives.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

refers to the body of knowledge students are expected to gain and must align with the curriculum goals.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

which involve the strategies and teaching methods used during instruction. It focuses on how students learn - inside and outside the classroom - and includes materials used by both teachers and students.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

is the process of placing value on a curriculum, focusing on its design, content, process, implementation, and outcomes. It identifies the quality, effectiveness, and product of the curriculum. It is broader than student evaluation, judging the curriculum's worth. It assesses if aims and objectives are met, and the effectiveness of teaching and other components. Interpretation of evaluation provides feedback, allowing experts to modify the curriculum through desired changes.

Content or Subject Matter - summary

Effective curriculum planning is not a solitary task; it is a collaborative effort. It includes input from a variety of stakeholders, including policymakers, educational leaders, teachers, parents, and sometimes even students. Each stakeholder brings a unique perspective to the table, ensuring that the curriculum is well-rounded and considers the needs of all involved.

The collaborative nature of curriculum design

Impact of decisions on educational goals

Classroom-level decision-making

Ralph Tyler's model for curriculum

Decisions made at each level of the planning process directly impact the educational goals set for students. These goals are not just academic; they encompass a broad range of outcomes, including social, emotional, and ethical development. Ensuring these goals are clear and achievable is a critical first step in curriculum planning.

Impact of decisions on educational goals

The collaborative nature of curriculum design

Classroom-level decision-making

Ralph Tyler's model for curriculum

At the classroom level, teachers play a pivotal role in interpreting and implementing the curriculum. Their decisions about teaching methods, materials, and assessments can significantly influence the effectiveness of the curriculum and how well students achieve the set goals.

Classroom-level decision-making

The collaborative nature of curriculum design

Impact of decisions on educational goals

Ralph Tyler's model for curriculum

design remains a cornerstone in the field. His four-step approach provides a clear framework for curriculum development.

Ralph Tyler's model for curriculum

The collaborative nature of curriculum design

Impact of decisions on educational goals

Classroom-level decision-making

Identifying the objectives and aims of the curriculum is the foundation upon which all else is built.

Organizing learning experiences

Choosing the activities and experiences that will help students achieve the identified goals.

Organizing learning experiences

Structuring the selected experiences in a manner that maximizes their educational impact.

Organizing learning experiences

Assessing whether the educational purposes are being met and making necessary adjustments to the curriculum.

Organizing learning experiences

This model focuses on gaining advocates and sharing power equally between administrators and teachers. The ORC model focuses on allowing for the personal needs of the teachers to be addressed through maintaining high flexibility in the implementation. The ORC model focuses on change from the perspective of the teacher. In this model, there are four stages.

OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE MODEL --ORC MODEL

The teacher is now concerned with how the new innovation or curriculum will impact their life personally. For example, an English teacher wrestling with how using online learning will affect what they are trying to do in the classroom.

OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE MODEL --ORC MODEL

The first stage is a stage of indifference. A teacher is aware change but do not see how it relates to their own life. As such the teacher is not worried about whatever innovation is coming. An example might be hearing about efforts to bring online learning to a school. The teacher knows this innovation is out there but it has not impacted them yet.

OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE MODEL --ORC MODEL

In stage 3, the teacher is thinking about how to use the new curriculum or innovation. Questions begin to go through their head in terms of application.

OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE MODEL --ORC MODEL

This model treats staff resistance to change as problematic and proposes that we should collect data to determine the extent and nature of the resistance in implementing curriculum.

LEADERSHIP OBSTACLE COURSE MODEL (LOC MODEL)

This model suggests that organizational dynamics seem to be the chief barriers to change.

RAND CHANGE AGENT MODEL (RCA MODEL)

This model recognizes that there are innovators in research and development centers such as universities.

RAND CHANGE AGENT MODEL (RCA MODEL)

Curriculum Approaches and Planning

Authored by KRISHAINE CASIPONG

English

University

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Turning to the Humanistic-Aesthetic approach, we enter a territory where the human experience is paramount. It's a more personal journey that values the individual and their development.

Humanistic-Aesthetic Approach

Personal Growth

Creative Expression

Self-Actualization

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The curriculum is designed to nurture the whole person, emotionally, socially, and intellectually.

Humanistic-Aesthetic Approach

Personal Growth

Creative Expression

Self-Actualization

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

There's a strong emphasis on the arts and the development of aesthetic appreciation.

Humanistic-Aesthetic Approach

Personal Growth

Creative Expression

Self-Actualization

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Education is seen as a path to realizing one's full potential and finding one's place in the world.

Humanistic-Aesthetic Approach

Personal Growth

Creative Expression

Self-Actualization

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

challenges the status quo. It's about critical reflection, questioning underlying assumptions, and exploring new possibilities.

Reconceptualist Approach

Critical Thinking

Social Justice

Change-Oriented

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The curriculum encourages questioning and the challenging of traditional norms and practices.

Reconceptualist Approach

Critical Thinking

Social Justice

Change-Oriented

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

There's a focus on education as a means to address and rectify social inequalities.

Reconceptualist Approach

Critical Thinking

Social Justice

Change-Oriented

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Curriculum Approaches and Planning

Turning to the Humanistic-Aesthetic approach, we enter a territory where the human experience is paramount. It's a more personal journey that values the individual and their development.

The curriculum is designed to nurture the whole person, emotionally, socially, and intellectually.

There's a strong emphasis on the arts and the development of aesthetic appreciation.

Education is seen as a path to realizing one's full potential and finding one's place in the world.

challenges the status quo. It's about critical reflection, questioning underlying assumptions, and exploring new possibilities.

The curriculum encourages questioning and the challenging of traditional norms and practices.

There's a focus on education as a means to address and rectify social inequalities.

The goal is not just to learn but to transform oneself and society.

is akin to drawing a roadmap for education

It involves a series of decisions made at different levels, from national to classroom, that collectively determine the direction and substance of teaching and learning.

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