Thermodynamics Quiz

What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics state?

• All bodies are in thermal equilibrium at absolute zero.

• Heat transfer occurs only from hot to cold bodies.

• Two bodies in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other.

• Thermal equilibrium can only be achieved in closed systems.

What is Gibbs Free Energy (G)?

• The energy required to break chemical bonds.

• The energy released during a spontaneous reaction.

• A measure of the total energy in a system.

• A thermodynamic potential measuring maximum work at constant temperature and pressure.

What indicates that a process is spontaneous according to Gibbs Free Energy?

• ΔG = ΔH

• ΔG < 0

• ΔG = 0

• ΔG > 0

What is the significance of Helmholtz Free Energy (A)?

• It is used to calculate the heat capacity of a system.

• It is only relevant in chemical reactions.

• It determines spontaneity in systems at constant temperature and volume.

• It measures the total energy of a system.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of an isolated system?

• It increases over time.

• It fluctuates randomly.

• It remains constant over time.

• It decreases over time.

What does the third law of thermodynamics state about the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero?

• It is at its maximum.

• It is zero.

• It is at its minimum.

• It is undefined.

What is the mathematical expression for the entropy of mixing (ΔSmix) for an ideal gas mixture?

• ΔSmix = RΣxi ln xi

• ΔSmix = -RΣxi ln xi

• ΔSmix = RΣxi^2 ln xi

• ΔSmix = -RΣxi^2 ln xi

What does a negative change in Helmholtz Free Energy (ΔA < 0) indicate?

• The process is spontaneous.

• The internal energy is increasing.

• The process is non-spontaneous.

• The system is at equilibrium.

What is the implication of the Nernst heat theorem?

• Entropy change approaches zero as absolute zero is approached.

• Entropy increases as temperature approaches absolute zero.

• Heat capacity increases as temperature approaches absolute zero.

• Gibbs Free Energy becomes positive at absolute zero.

What does the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS represent?

• The criteria for chemical equilibrium.

• The definition of Helmholtz Free Energy.

• The calculation of Gibbs Free Energy change.

• The relationship between enthalpy and entropy.