Understanding Earthquakes and Faults

Which is TRUE about normal faults?

• They ooour when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.

• They occur when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

• They occur when the hanging wall moves to the left relative to the footwall.

• They occur when the hanging wall moves to the right relative to the footwall.

Which geological fault is most likely to occur along transform faults?

• normal fault

• reverse fault

• Strike Slip Fault

• thrust fault

Two geologists are analyzing a fault in a rock outcrop. They observed that the fault plane is at a very low angle (less than 30") and the hanging wall has moved upward over the footwall. What type of fault are they most likely observing?

• normal fault

• oblique fault

• reverse fault

• transform fault

Refer to the diagram below. At what point is the epicenter located?

• point A

• point B

• point C

• at any point

Which of the following best explains how movements along faults generate earthquakes?

• When stress builds up along a fault and is suddenly released, it generates seismic waves that cause the ground to shake.

• Fault movements push air and water into underground cavities, creating pressure that leads to earthquakes:

• Earthquakes occur when the Earth's surface naturally cools and contracts, causing cracks to form.

• Faults create deep holes in the Earth's surface, allowing magma to escape.

Mr. Reyes asks his Grade 7 students to simulate an earthquake using a slinky. Which action should the students perform to model the movement of a P-wave?

• Hold the slinky still to represent a stable fault.

• Twist the slinky to show the movement of magma

• Stretch and release the slinky to show compression waves.

• Shake the slinky side to side to demonstrate strike-slip motion.

Mario, a Grade 7 student examines the map of the Philippines showing all active fault lines. If they were to predict the most earthquake-prone areas, which locations should they focus on?

• coastal areas far from fault lines

• areas near the Philippine fault zone

• regions without any visible land fractures

• small islands with no recorded seismic activity

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a community after a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?

• No damage to buildings or roads

• Minor shaking felt only by a few people

• No effect because earthquakes only happen underground

• Severe destruction, collapsed structures, and possible tsunamis

The effects of an earthquake on communities depend on its magnitude. Which is TRUE about the magnitude of an earthquake?

• It is the measure of the amount of damage an earthquake causes.

• It is the strength or amount of energy released by an earthquake.

• It is the number of people affected by an earthquake

How does the magnitude of an earthquake affect the intensity of ground shaking?

• Higher magnitude earthquakes cause stronger and longer shaking

• Only deep earthquakes cause ground shaking, not shallow ones.

• Lower magnitude earthquakes cause the most destruction.

• Magnitude does not affect ground shaking