Understanding Alkanes and Their Reactions

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• CnH(2n-2)

• C(n-1)H(2n+1)

• CnH(2n+2)

• CnH2n

Define what is meant by saturated hydrocarbons.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are only found in natural gas.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds, allowing for the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

• Saturated hydrocarbons contain double bonds between carbon atoms.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with fewer hydrogen atoms than carbon atoms.

What type of bonding is present in alkanes?

• Metallic bonding

• Hydrogen bonding

• Covalent bonding

• Ionic bonding

How many carbon atoms are in methane?

• 4

• 3

• 2

• 1

Draw the displayed formula for ethane.

• H2C=CH2

• H3C-CH2OH

• C2H4

• H3C-CH3

What is the structural formula for methane?

• CH₄

• CO₂

• CH₃OH

• C₂H₆

List the first four alkanes in order of their carbon atoms.

• Methane, Ethane, Butane, Hexane

• Butene, Propene, Ethylene, Methanol

• Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

• Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, Octane

Describe the reactivity of alkanes with chlorine.

• Alkanes do not react with chlorine under any conditions.

• Alkanes react with chlorine to form only carbon dioxide and water.

• Alkanes react with chlorine through ionic bonding, resulting in the formation of salts.

• Alkanes react with chlorine via free radical substitution, producing chlorinated alkanes.

What is a substitution reaction?

• A substitution reaction involves the addition of atoms to a molecule without replacing any existing atoms.

• A substitution reaction is a chemical reaction where one atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another.

• A substitution reaction is a process where energy is released without any change in molecular structure.

• A substitution reaction is when two molecules combine to form a single product.

Explain the role of ultraviolet light in the substitution reaction of alkanes.

• Ultraviolet light acts as a catalyst in the reaction.

• Ultraviolet light initiates the substitution reaction of alkanes by generating free radicals.

• Ultraviolet light increases the temperature of the reaction.

• Ultraviolet light cools the reaction environment.