ITCJ Final Prep April 2025

The courts have supported drug testing of police officers based on ________ that drug abuse is occurring.

• Proof beyond a reasonable doubt

• probable cause

• anonymous tips

• reasonable suspicion

In Escobedo v. Illinois, the Supreme Court formally recognized a suspect’s right to have an attorney present ________.

• at trial

• at an arraignment

• during interrogation

• upon arrest

Which crime best describes an attempt by a U.S. citizen to overthrow the government of the United States?

• Espionage

• Conspiracy

• Treason

• Infraction

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ________.

• presentation of evidence

• the adversarial system

• jury selection

• the reasonable doubt doctrine

On your way to work, you hit and kill a pedestrian because you were texting while driving. Which type of mens rea most likely exists in this situation?

• Reckless

• Negligent

• Purposeful

• Knowing

Which of the following is an inchoate offense?

• Conspiracy

• Arson

• Simple assault

• Treason

When a defendant "stands mute" at arraignment, he or she is considered to have entered a ________.

• no-contest plea

• not guilty plea

• guilty plea

• negotiated plea

The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes ________.

• the use of fines

• retribution

• restitution

• placing offenders on probation

A(n) ________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by police.

• warrant

• indictment

• arraignment

• hearing

George has been convicted of a crime and been sentenced to a term of six months of incarceration. George most likely committed a(n) ________.

• felony

• act of treason

• misdemeanor

• infraction