Imperialism Terms

Suez Canal

• A canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea, shortening the maritime route to Asia from Europe

• A river in South America that flows into the Atlantic Ocean

• A man-made lake in the United States used for irrigation

• A mountain range in Europe separating France and Spain

Imperialism

• The extension of one nation’s power over foreign territories and peoples.

• A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

• The process of decolonization and the return of territories to indigenous peoples.

• A form of economic control where one country dominates another's trade.

The Opium Wars

• Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import opium.

• A series of treaties that favored China over European powers.

• Conflicts between the Qing Empire and Japan over territorial disputes.

• A trade agreement that allowed Britain to import tea into China.

Social Darwinism

• The belief that all societies evolve in a linear fashion from primitive to advanced stages.

• The application of concepts of natural selection and 'survival of the fittest' to societal groups; used as a rationale to justify imperialism.

• A theory that promotes the idea of racial superiority among different ethnic groups.

• A social movement aimed at promoting equality and social justice.

Yaa Asantewaa War

• The Asante Kingdom successfully repelled British forces and gained independence.

• The Asante Kingdom, led by Queen Mother Yaa Asantewaa, defended against British encroachment, resulting in their absorption into the Gold Coast colony.

• The Asante Kingdom allied with the British to defeat a common enemy.

• The Asante Kingdom was completely conquered and lost all autonomy.

Scramble for Africa

• A period in the 19th century when European powers competed to invade, occupy, and colonize Africa

• A movement to promote African independence from colonial rule

• An economic strategy to exploit African resources without colonization

• A cultural exchange between Europe and Africa during the 19th century

Congo Free State

• A private colony ruled by Leopold II of Belgium known for forced labor and rubber collection

• A territory governed by the United Nations after World War II

• A region in Africa famous for its diamond mines and independence movement

• A colony established by France for agricultural purposes

Boer Wars

• Wars between Dutch (Afrikaner) and British settlers in South Africa, where the British displaced the Afrikaners and Africans into concentration camps.

• A series of peaceful negotiations between the Dutch and British settlers in South Africa.

• Military alliances formed between the Afrikaners and other European nations against British colonization.

• Cultural exchanges between the Dutch and British settlers in South Africa.

Mahdist War

• Sudanese revolt against Egyptian and British rule (1881-1899); result - British defeated the Mahdists and established control over Sudan

• A conflict between the Mahdist forces and the French colonial army in North Africa

• A civil war in Sudan over the control of oil resources

• A rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century

Sokoto Caliphate

• An independent Islamic state in West Africa that resisted European imperialism; the state was weakened and eventually divided by European nations

• A colonial territory established by European powers in the 19th century

• A major trade route connecting West Africa to Europe

• A cultural movement promoting traditional African religions