Key Terms for Chapter 10: Personality

What is the unique, core set of characteristics that influence the way one thinks, acts, and feels, which are relatively consistent and enduring through the life span?

• Personality

• Intelligence

• Behavior

• Mood

According to Freud, what is the level of consciousness outside of awareness, which is difficult to access without effort or therapy?

• The unconscious mind.

• The conscious mind.

• The preconscious mind.

• The subconscious mind.

According to Freud, what is the level of mental life containing information you are not presently thinking about, but could be easily retrieved and made conscious?

• preconscious

• unconscious

• conscious

• subconscious

According to Freud, what is the part of the mind within our usual awareness?

• the conscious mind

• the unconscious mind

• the subconscious mind

• the preconscious mind

According to Freud, what is the most primitive structure of the mind, the activities of which occur at the unconscious level and are guided by the pleasure principle?

• The id

• The ego

• The superego

• The conscious mind

What is the principle that guides the id, directing behavior toward instant gratification and away from contemplating consequences?

• The principle that guides the id is the pleasure principle.

• The principle that guides the id is the reality principle.

• The principle that guides the id is the moral principle.

• The principle that guides the id is the ethical principle.

According to Freud, what is the structure of the mind that uses the reality principle to manipulate situations, plan for the future, solve problems, and make decisions to satisfy the needs of the id?

• The ego.

• The id.

• The superego.

• The unconscious.

What is the principle that guides the ego as it negotiates between the id and the environment, directing behavior to follow society’s rules?

• The principle that guides the ego is known as the reality principle.

• The principle that guides the ego is known as the pleasure principle.

• The principle that guides the ego is known as the moral principle.

• The principle that guides the ego is known as the instinctual principle.

According to Freud, what is the structure of the mind that guides behavior to follow the rules of society, parents, or other authority figures?

• the superego

• the id

• the ego

• the subconscious

What are the unconscious processes the ego uses to distort perceptions and memories and thereby reduce anxiety created by the id-superego conflict?

• Defense mechanisms

• Cognitive dissonance

• Operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning