Volcanoes and Volcanic Materials

Vent

• An opening of a volcano.

• A type of gas exchange in plants.

• A small opening in a wall for air circulation.

• A device used to control airflow in buildings.

Volcano

• A natural formation where water erupts from the ground.

• Any place where gas, ash, or melted rock comes out of the ground.

• A type of mountain that is always covered in snow.

• A large crater formed by meteor impacts.

Shield Volcanoes

• Gently sloping mountains formed by thin, runny lava.

• Tall, steep mountains formed by thick, viscous lava.

• Flat plains created by explosive volcanic eruptions.

• Cone-shaped hills formed by alternating layers of lava and ash.

Magma

• Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.

• Solid rock found in the Earth's crust.

• Gas released during volcanic eruptions.

• Liquid water found underground.

Composite Volcanoes

• A tall, cone-shaped mountain formed solely from lava flows.

• A flat, shield-shaped mountain formed from low-viscosity lava.

• A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials.

• A series of small, explosive craters formed from volcanic gases.

Cinder Cones

• Small, steep-sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich, basaltic lava.

• Large, gently sloping volcanoes that produce lava flows.

• Volcanoes that primarily erupt explosive pyroclastic materials.

• Flat, shield-like volcanoes formed from low-viscosity lava.

Pyroclastic materials

• Volcanic rocks ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks.

• Sedimentary rocks formed from the accumulation of mineral particles.

• Metamorphic rocks created under high pressure and temperature.

• Igneous rocks formed from the cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface.

Lava

• Liquid magma that reaches the surface.

• Solid rock formed from cooled magma.

• Gas released during a volcanic eruption.

• Molten rock found deep within the Earth.

Viscosity

• A liquid's resistance to flow.

• The measure of a liquid's temperature.

• The speed at which a liquid evaporates.

• The density of a liquid.