Applied Nutrition and Dietetics IBC Exam Review

Macronutrients

• Nutrients required in small amounts for energy

• Nutrients that the body requires in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health

• Vitamins and minerals essential for metabolic processes

• Nutrients that do not provide calories

Vegetarianism

• The practice of consuming only animal products.

• The practice of restricting the diet mostly or entirely to foods of plant origin, including vegetables, fruits, grain, and nuts.

• The practice of eating a balanced diet including all food groups.

• The practice of avoiding all types of food altogether.

Complex carbohydrate

• A nutrient compound consisting of long chains of glucose molecules. Takes longer to break down.

• A simple sugar that is quickly absorbed by the body.

• A type of fat that provides energy and insulation.

• A protein that helps build and repair tissues.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

• The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy individual.

• The total amount of energy consumed in a day by an individual.

• The minimum energy intake required to sustain basic physiological functions.

• The energy intake needed to support physical activity and exercise.

Food insecurity

• Unreliable access to a sufficient supply of nourishing food.

• Consistent access to a variety of healthy foods.

• Excessive availability of processed foods.

• Regular access to food banks and community kitchens.

Whole foods

• Foods that are processed and packaged

• Foods in their natural state such as nuts and berries, that can also be classified as functional foods.

• Foods that are high in sugar and fat

• Foods that are artificially flavored and colored

Nutrients

• Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.

• Vitamins that are only found in fruits and vegetables.

• Minerals that are harmful in large quantities.

• Proteins that are only found in animal products.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI’s)

• A set of nutritional reference values for the United States and Canada that applies to healthy people.

• A guideline for the maximum amount of sugar intake per day.

• A list of foods that should be avoided for a healthy diet.

• A program for physical exercise recommendations.

Toxicity

• Consuming an excessive amount of a micronutrient, like a vitamin or mineral, which can lead to harmful effects on the body.

• The process of detoxifying harmful substances from the body.

• A condition caused by a deficiency of essential nutrients.

• The body's ability to absorb and utilize nutrients effectively.

Vitamin E

• Antioxidant protection and immune system support

• Bone health and calcium absorption

• Energy production and metabolism

• Vision and eye health